Akhenaten

Ahriman 134 Akenaten (Jarman) 175-9 Akhenaten passim; art under see Amarna, art of; beliefs of 23, 36-42; black history and 2, 9, 114, 116-23; building projects of 13, 14-15, 17-25, see also Amarna, city of; changes name 21; classical authors on 52; comparisons with other historical figures 6-7, 12, 98, 104, 107, 117, 123, 170; conservatism of 38-42, 45; cultural after-life of 1-11,52-4, 83-91,95-113, 114-23, 124-38, 139-55, see also fiction and alternative religions; education of 33-4; eradication of name 1, 28-9, 49; family of 7, 13, 17, 23, 25, 29-36, 64, 69, 74, 84, 109, 113, 135, 136, see also Amenhotep III, Nefertiti and Tiye; 'first individual' 3, 107, 173, 194;Jewish history and 95-7, 102, 105-13, 136, 137, 163; 'hymn' to the Aten 38-40, 41, 99, 101, 120; memory of him survives 29, 49-50, 52, 55, 57, 57; physical representation of 29, 31-2, 35, 44-8, 56-7, 85-7, 115, 117, 119, 128, 137, 141, 168, 174, 176; racial origins of 85, 109, 114-23, 135, 136, 146; reign of 12-29, 36-42, 52; religious reforms of 15, 21, 23, 25, 36-42, 45,

48; sexuality of 9, 13, 33-4, 140, 165-6, 168-84 Akhenaten (Porter) 166-7 Akhet-aten see Amarna, city of

Akhnaten {Glass) 175,176,179-82 Akhnaton (Christie) 162 Akhnaton (Merezhkovsky) see Der Messias Alcott, Louisa May 144 Aldred, Cyril 13-14,47,49 Alexander of Macedon 1, 19, 55, 130, 139 aliens 128, 164 Allah 120, 153

alternative religions 108, 109, 111, 113, 114-16, 117, 118, 124-38, 150, 152-3, 157

Amarna, art of 13, 42-8, 68 9, 72; exhibitions and displays of 42, 44, 68, 75, 77,88,91, 108, 141, 175, 176; forgeries of 97-8; in fiction 141, 145, 174; influence on modern design 69, 70, 86-91, 121, 131 3, 163; supra-economic value of 42, 68, 97-8 Amarna, city of, passim: building of 17 25; destruction of 1, 28, 29, 42, 49-50; excavations of 4-5, 7, 8, 56-83, 91-4, 164; as fictional setting 9-10, 111, 141, 144, 159, 164, 166; houses at 25, 68, 73, 74, 76, 78; interpretation of 4-5, 57-83, 91-4; Roman and Christian use of 50 2, 55-6, 92; size of 24; supposed similarity to London 5, 57, 63, 76, 82, 83, 87; tombs at 19,21,25,26,50, 55-7, 61, 63, 69, 70, 89-90, 99, 101, 141; iw also Aten-temples, boundary stelae and maru-Aten Amarna letters 12, 64, 96-7, 180 Amasis, King of Egypt (Marsh) 139 Amherst of Hackney, Baron 67, 68

Amun 21, 27, 30, 35, 98; priesthood of 27, 102

Amunemhat I, Teaching of 41 Amunhotep III 12, 14, 21, 29-36, 40, 52, 121; as fictional character 105, 176

Amunhotep IV see under Akhenaten Anderson, Anna 160 Ankhesenamun 17; as fictional character

145, 155, 160-2 Ankhesenpaaten see Ankhesenamun Anthroposophy 115,150 anti-Semitism 95-6, 97, 98, 102, 106-13,

134, 159-60 Antinous 170 Anubis 55, 56

archaeology and archaeologists 1-2, 3, 10-11, 42, 44, 56-83, 91-4, 102, 119,

164; see also individual archaeologists; French and German archaeologists; post-processualism

art brut 131-3 Asante, Molefi Kete 123 Assmann,Jan 40 astrology 125, 176 Aten-worship 15, 21, 23, 36-42, 48 Aten-temples 14, 16, 21, 22, 23, 35, 50, 61, 68, 92

Atlantis 2, 8, 49, 125, 128, 134-8 Ay 119, 148 Ayrton, Edward 152

Bak 42, 147, 155

Baketaten, probable sister of Akhenaten

25, 32 Bagnall, Lilian 148 Bara, Theda 155 Barsanti, Alexandre 69 Batty, Jane Staunton 30 Baudrillard,Jean 183 Beaumont, Ivy 126-7,130 Bell, Archie 155-6 Ben-Jochannan, Yosef 136 Bernstein, Richard 107-08 Besant, Annie 196 Besant, Maisie 133-4,196 Best, Allena 160

Bible 59,64,66,70, 121, 136, 151; see also

Exodus, Isaiah, Psalms black history 2, 9, 114, 116-23 Blavatsky, Helena Petrovna 124, 125, 129 Blyden, E. W. 118-19

Bonomi, Joseph 62

Bonwick, James 124

Borchardt, Ludwig 72, 97

boundary stelae of Amarna 17-19, 21, 37,

59, 63, 126; in fiction 177 Bouriant, Urbain 69, 70 Bowie, David 176 Breasted, Frances Hart 99, 101 Breasted, James Henry 3, 4, 8, 38, 97, 98-103, 104, 105, 106, 108, 109, 115, 121, 126, 135, 162, 179, 194, 198 British Protectorate 71, 151 Brunton, Winifred 170 Bruyere, Bernard 82—3 Buddha 104

Budge, E. A. Wallis 11,115, 124, 145, 180

Burlington Magazine 8, 90

Burton, James 62

Busiris, King of Egypt (Young) 139

Caldecott, Moyra 128 Campanella, Tommaso 53 Carter, Howard 67, 68, 74 Cartier 85

Champollion,Jean-Frangois 56 Charles I 12 Chedgzoy, Kate 179 Cheops 1 Chephren 40

Christ 12,98, 104, 163, 166 Christie, Agatha 162, 198 Chubb, Mary 79, 82 Civitas Solis (Campanella) 53 Cleopatra 1, 118, 130, 139, 146, 155, 177, 178

Communism 13,48-9, 123, 157, 160,

163-4 Connoisseur 8

Conquest of Civilization (Breasted) 121 Crisis 121 Cromer, Lord 71 Cromwell, Oliver 12,96,98 Curtiz, Michael 163