An H. P. Lovecraft Encyclopedia

Fictitious city in Massachusetts invented by HPL. The city is first cited in “The Picture in the House” (1920); other tales that feature Arkham are “Herbert West—Reanimator” (1921–22), “The Unnamable” (1923), “The Colour out of Space” (1927), “The Dunwich Horror” (1928), “The Shadow over Innsmouth” (1931), “The Dreams in the Witch House” (1932), “Through the Gates of the Silver Key” (1932–33), “The Thing on the Doorstep” (1933), and “The Shadow out of Time” (1934–35). It is the home of Miskatonic University (first cited in “Herbert West—Reanimator”); there is also an Arkham Historical Society (in “The Shadow over Innsmouth”) and an Arkham Sanitarium (in “The Thing on the Doorstep”). It had a newspaper in the 1880s, the Arkham Gazette(in “The Colour out of Space”); a more recent paper, presumably dating to the 1920s, is the Arkham Advertiser(in “The Dunwich Horror” and other stories). In At the Mountains of Madness,one of the expeditionary ships to Antarctica is named Arkham. HPL drew a map of the city on at least three occasions; one is reproduced as “Map of the Principal Parts of Arkham, Massachusetts” ( Acolyte,Fall 1942), another in Marginalia(facing p. 279), and another (from a letter to Robert Bloch, [April 1936]) as the frontispiece to

Letters to Robert Bloch(Necronomicon Press, 1993).

Will Murray has conjectured that Arkham was at first situated in central Massachusetts and that its name and possibly its location were derived from the tiny hamlet Oakham. Research by Robert D.Marten makes this theory extremely unlikely. Marten maintains that Arkham was always located on the North Shore and

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(as HPL repeatedly declares) was a fictional analogue of Salem. HPL definitively states: “My mental picture of Arkham is of a town something like Salem in atmosphere & style of houses, but more hilly (Salem is flat except for Gallows Hill, which is outside the town proper) & with a college (which Salem hasn’t). The street layout is nothing like Salem’s. As to the location of Arkham—I fancy I place the town & the imaginary Miskatonic somewhere north of Salem—perhaps near Manchester. My idea of the place is slightly in from the sea, but with a deep water channel making it a port” (HPL to F.Lee Baldwin, April 29, 1934; ms., JHL). Marten conjectures that the name Arkham was based upon Arkwright, a town in R.I. now consolidated into the community of Fiskville. HPL remarked that “The Dunwich Horror” “belongs to the Arkham cycle” ( SL2.246), but the significance of this phrase is unclear. Possibly he was referring to the fact that several of his recent tales had involved not merely a pseudomythological backdrop but also an imaginary New England topography.

See Will Murray, “In Search of Arkham Country,” LSNo. 13 (Fall 1986): 54–67; Will Murray, “In Search of Arkham Country Revisited,” LSNos. 19/20 (Fall 1989): 65–69; Robert D.Marten, “Arkham Country: In Rescue of the Lost Searchers,” LSNo. 39 (Summer 1998): 1–20.

Armitage, Henry.

In “The Dunwich Horror,” the librarian of Miskatonic University (A.M.Miskatonic, Ph.D.Princeton, Litt. D.Johns Hopkins). He encounters Wilbur Whateley in the library, but refuses to let him take home a copy of the Necronomicon,sensing that it could lead to cataclysmic results. He later sees Whateley die in the library while trying to steal the book. With great effort, he deciphers Whateley’s encrypted diary and realizes the threat that the Whateley family (specifically, Whateley’s monstrous twin brother) poses to the world, and he leads the expedition to exterminate it.

Arruda, Capt Manuel.

In The Case of Charles Dexter Ward,the captain of a ship, the Fortaleza,of Barcelona, bound from Cairo to Providence. In 1770 it is stopped by authorities and found to contain large numbers of Egyptian mummies, scheduled for delivery to “Sailor A.B.C.” (i.e., Joseph Curwen). HPL derived the name from a Manuel Arruda who was a door-to-door fruit seller in Providence in the 1920s. Asbury, Herbert (1891–1963).

American journalist and author of The Gangs of New York(1928) whose horror anthology Not at Night!(Macy-Macius/The Vanguard Press, 1932) contains HPL’s “The Horror at Red Hook.” The volume proved to be pirated from several anthologies edited by Christine Campbell Thomson. For a time WT(from which most of the stories derived) threatened to sue the publisher (HPL gave his support to the suit provided it would involve no financial expenditure on his part; see SL2.260–61), but the publisher eventually withdrew the book from circulation.

Asellius, Sex[tus].