Stock split refers to a corporate action that increases the shares in a public company. The price of the shares are adjusted so that the before and after market capitalization of the company remains the same and dilution does not occur. 2-for-1, 3-for-1, and 3-for-2 splits are the most common but any ratio is possible. Sometimes investors will receive cash payments in lieu of fractional shares.
It is often claimed that stock splits in themselves lead to higher stock prices, however, research does not bear this out. What is true is that stock splits are usually initiated after a large run up in share price. Momentum investing would suggest that such a trend would continue regardless of the stock split.
Essential Vocabulary
1. mortgage (Mort)
mortgage
2. repackaging
repackage
3. special purpose vehicle (SPV)
– компания специального назначения4. securitization
5. investment bank
– инвестиционный банк6. security interest
– право на обеспечение7. collateral transfer
– передача обеспечения8. marketable security
– рыночные (легко реализуемые) ценные бумаги9. entitlement
entitle (to)
10. vote
vote
voting
11. cooperative society
– кооператив12.majority shareholder
– основной акционер13. legal person
– юридическое лицо14. full service broker
– брокер полного профиля15. discount broker
– «дисконтный» брокер16. investor’s relations department
– департамент по отношениям с инвесторами17. direct public offer
– прямое публичное предложение акций18. short selling
– «короткая» продажа19. trasaction fee
– гонорар за операцию20. capital gains tax
– налог на приращение капитала21. treasury stock
– казначейские акции22. dual class share
– «двойная акция»23. right of first refusal
– право первого отказа24. preference share
– привилегированная акция25. convertible bond
– конвертируемая облигация26. equity warrant
– облигационный варрант, дающий право на покупку акций заемщика по оговоренной цене27. detach
detachable
28. International Securities Market Association (ISMA)
– Ассоциация международного рынка ценных бумаг29. bearer security
– ценная бумага на предъявителя30. registered security
– именная ценная бумага31. registrar
32. fungible security
– взаимозаменяемая ценная бумага33. non-fungible security
– невзаимозаменяемая ценная бумага34. custodian
custodial
35. stock split
– сплит или расщепление акций36. momentum
Exercise 1. Answer the following questions.
1. How did the term «security» evolve over the years? 2. Who are the usual issuers of securities? 3. What does securitization mean? 4. Why are securities used as collateral? 5. What is equity? 6. What is the relationship between ownership and control in a corporation? 7. What rights do shareholders enjoy? 8. How can shares be bought and sold? 9. What are the most common types of shares? 10. What is the difference between the primary and secondary market? 11. What is the difference between bearer and registered securities? 12. What are the advantages of the stock split?
Exercise 2. You are a strategic consultant hired by a Russian company that wants to create corporate structure similar to the one adopted by the leading Western companies. Using the following briefing materials, you have to explain to the founder of the company what positions should be created in the company.