Английский разговорный язык. Практическое пособие по развитию устной речи

abandon – бросать, отказываться (от чего-либо)

approach – подход; подходить

assert – утверждать

available – доступный, имеющийся в наличии

coal – уголь

effective – наличный, рабочий, предназначенный к использованию

enhance – повышать, увеличивать

exhaust – истощать

exhaustible – истощимый

extensive – широкомасштабный

extract – добывать, выделять

fiberglass – искусственное стекло

fuel

– горючее

inevitable – неизбежный

insulation – изоляция, изолирование; изолировать

mine – шахта; добывать в шахте

particular – особенный, конкретный

recycle – возвращать в (производственный) цикл

smelt – плавить (металл)

substitute – заменять, подменять

underneath – под, внизу

waste – отбросы (производства); тратить, терять (впустую)

natural resources – природные ресурсы

prospective output – ( в геологии ) разведанные запасы, предполагаемая добыча

raw material – сырье

rate of increase

– темп роста

make up for – восполнять, компенсировать

at least – по крайней мере

Exercise 11

Answer the questions:

1. What would happen to natural resources if we used them continuously?

2. Why are the effective stocks of resources growing despite the fact that we use them continuously?

3. What are the effects of innovation on the stocks of natural resources?

4. What are the ways in which the effective stocks of natural resources can be increased?

5. How can we save fuel by insulating our homes?

Recycling

By means of recycling we can convert waste into reusable materials. It differs from reuse, which simply means using a product again. In the developed countries up to about 20 percent of the nation\'s solid waste is recycled.

Recycling allows both to reduce the amount of waste disposed in landfills and to have natural resources. In the eighties environmentalists concentrated public attention on recycling as the principal method of protecting the environment.

However, recycling is not always economically efficient. Neither does it always help to protect the environment. On the other hand, assumptions that landfills and incinerators are necessarily «bad,» and the nation is running out of landfill space, are not well grounded. Specialists say that landfills can be safely sited and designed, and there is still plenty of space for them in every country.

What we have to do is not to put landfills in places that come into contact with water, as well as to design monitoring programs to prevent any possible harm that landfills may cause.

Of all the recycled materials aluminium and paper are the most popular. About 60 percent of all aluminium beverage cans are recycled. It is accounted by the fact that recycling aluminium is less expensive than producing new aluminium, as it takes 10 percent less energy to recycle aluminium than to make it out from bauxite.

Paper and cardboard are also extensively recycled. Producing cardboard requires a wide variety of used paper which is rather cheap to sort out. In addition there are lots of places (such as grocery stores) where large quantities of corrugated boxes are used, which makes collection quite efficient.

On the contrary, plastics are very expensive to collect and separate which limits the possibility of their recycling. Nevertheless, around 20 percent of plastic soft drink bottles are now recycled in the USA alone.

Слова и выражения:

aluminium – алюминий

bauxite – боксит

beverage – напиток

can – банка ( консервная, для напитков )

cardboard – картон

corrugated – рифленое (железо), рифленый (картон)

dispose – иметь в наличии, иметь в распоряжении

environmentalist – защитник окружающей среды

incinerator – кремационная печь, мусоросжигательная печь

landfill

– свалка мусора

plastics – пластмассовый, пластиковый

reusable – пригодный к повторному использованию

reuse – использовать повторно

solid – твердый

by means of – посредством ( чего-либо ), с помощью ( чего-либо )

public attention – общественное внимание

economically efficient – экономически выгодный

monitoring program – программа текущего контроля

wide variety – широкое разнообразие

sort out – сортировать, рассортировывать

grocery store – бакалейный магазин

soft drink – безалкогольный напиток