Английский разговорный язык. Практическое пособие по развитию устной речи

The government also imposes special taxes or duties on imported goods. These are tariffs. Tariffs discourage imports because they make foreign goods more expensive. There are revenue tariffs that generate tax revenues and protective tariffs that protect home manufacturers. The purpose of the revenue tariffs is to raise money, and therefore these tariffs are rather low. The protective tariffs are much higher. Слова и выражения:

absolute – абсолютный

cocaine – кокаин

discourage (from)  – расхолаживать, отвращать ( от чего-либо ), препятствовать

drug – лекарство, наркотик

dumping – демпинг, демпинговая торговля

embargo – эмбарго

encourage – поощрять

file – представлять (план), подавать (документы)

generate – вырабатывать, создавать

heroin – героин

illegal – незаконный, нелегальный

impose (on)  – налагать

insist (on)  – настаивать ( на чем-либо )

military – военный

moral – моральный

native – местный (житель)

party – сторона ( в сделке, на переговорах )

prevent – предотвращать

prohibit – запрещать

quota – квота

reason

– причина

regulations – ограничения, законы; регулирующие акты и действия

revenue – выручка, приход ( средств )

sanctions – санкции

sanitary – санитарный

specify – определять, специфицировать

subsidiary – филиал

tariff – тариф

unit – единица ( продукции )

various – разнообразные

weapons – оружие

home market – внутренний рынок

local partners – местные партнеры

top management – высшее руководство

controlling interest – контрольный пакет акций

on these grounds – на этих условиях, на этих основаниях

way out – выход

economic master plan – генеральный план развития экономики

ship out – вывозить

to a certain limit – до определенного предела

revenue tariff – фискальный тариф

protective tariff – протекционистский тариф

raise money – собирать средства

Exercise 7

Answer the questions:

1. Why do governments impose various regulations on businesses in their countries?

2. What kind of regulations could those be?

3. What does a foreign company have to do if its plans are a part of the government economic master plan, and the local authorities change their economic policy?

4. What reasons can governments prohibit import or export for?

5. What reasons make governments prohibit import of animals?

6. What is sanctions?

7. What is dumping?

8. How does the absolute quota work?

9. What does a government impose tariffs on imported goods for?

10. What is the difference between the revenue tariff and the protective tariff?

Helping Foreign Trade

There are some institutions and policies in the world that foster international trade. If these institutions did not exist, many companies would not at all be able to go inter – national. The U.S. government created the Export-Import Bank (Eximbank) in order to reduce unemployment in the country. Eximbank makes loans to U.S exporters and foreign buyers of U.S. imports if private financing is not available. A firm can also buy insurance from the Foreign Credit Insurance Association (FCIA) to cover political risk, such as expropriation and loss due to war. The exporter can also buy insurance coverage on credit sales to foreign customer.