Britannica Guide to Russia

Major export destinations (2006): The Netherlands 11.9%; Italy 8.3%; Germany 8.1%; China 5.2%; Ukraine 5.0%; Turkey 4.8%; Belarus 4.3%; Switzerland 4.0%; Poland 3.8%; UK 3.4%; Finland 3.0%; Kazakhstan 3.0%.

Transport

Railways (2005): length (2007²) 85,000 km; passenger- km 171,600,000,000; metric ton-km cargo 1,858,000,000,000. Roads (2007²): total length 854,000 km (paved 85%). Vehicles (2002): passenger cars 22,342,000; trucks and buses (1999) 5,021,000. Air transport (2006-07): passenger-km 97,510,000,000; metric ton-km cargo 2,980,000,000,

Communications

Daily newspapers (2004⁹): circulation 15,075,000 Television (2003): receivers 50,599,000 Telephones (2005): landlines 40,100,000 Mobile telephones (2005^l0): 120,000,000 Personal computers (2005): 17,400,000 Internet (2006): users 25,689,000 Broadband (2006¹⁰): 2,900,000

Education (2006-07)

Primary (age 6-13) and secondary (age 14—17): schools 61,042; teachers 1,537,000; students 14,798,000; student/teacher ratio 9.6, Vocational, teacher training: schools 2,847; teachers 148,000; students 2,514,000; student/teacher ratio 18.3. Higher: schools 1,090; teachers 409,000; students 7,310,000; student/teacher ratio 17.9,

Health

Health (2006): physicians 690,ООО² (I per 206 persons); hospital beds 1,575,ООО² (I per 90 persons); infant mortality rate per 1,000 live births 10.2. Food (2005): daily per capita caloric intake 3,363 (vegetable products 79%, animal products 21%); 170% of FAO recommended minimum requirement.

Military

Total active duty personnel (November 2006): 1,027,000 (army 38.5%, navy 13.8%, air force 15.6%, strategic deterrent forces 7.8%, command and support 24.3%)",

Military expenditure as percentage of GDP (2005): 4,1%; per capita expenditure US$217.

Internet resources for further information

Federal State Statistics Service http://www.gks.ru/eng/ default.asp

Central Bank of the Russian Federation http://www.cbr.ru/eng Notes

Based on 86 federal districts as of mid-July 2007.

January I.

Muslim population may be as high as 16%.

ShT'i make up c. 8% of all Muslims.

Mostly based on a claimed membership of 28,000,000 in the Federation of Independent Trade Unions of Russia, the successor to the former labour movement.

Metal content,

Includes unreported wages and salaries.

Imports cost, insurance, and freight, exports free on board.

Refers to top 20 dailies only.

Subscribers.

An additional 415,000 personnel in paramilitary forces include railway troops, special construction troops, federal border guards, interior troops, and other federal guard units.

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