Глобальная Экономическая История. Краткое Введение

Экспорт представлен как сумма современной оценки Прауда в 700000 фунтов в год в 1771-1773 гг. плюс 161000 фунтов, что составляет 64% от оценок средних годовых доходов от мор ских перевозок и поступлений от невидимых статей экспор та среднеатлантических колоний в 1768-1772 гг.; James F. Shep herd and Gary M. Walton, Shipping, Maritime Trade, and the Econo mic Development of Colonial North America (Cambridge University Press, 1972), pp. 128,134. В 1765-1767 гг. и в 1772 г., 64% корабель ных сборов, взимавшихся в Нью-Йорке и Филадельфии при ходилось на последнюю. Оценка стоимости экспорта Прау- дом превосходит оценку Ш еперда и Уолтона. В В П равняется численности населения в 1770 г. (240100 человек) умноженной на 12 фунтов в расчете на человека.

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Gisela Eisner, Jamaica, i8^o-ig^o: A Study in Economic Growth (Manches ter University Press, 1961), p. 25.

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Цит. no John J. McCusker and Russell R. Mennard, The Economy ofBrit ish North America (University of North Carolina Press, 1985), p. 171.

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Marc Egnal, Nea> World Economies: The Growth ofthe Thirteen Colonies and Early Canada (Oxford University Press, 1998), pp. 105-106.

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Данные об экспорте в расчете надушу населения см. Peter А. Со- clanis, The Shadow of a Dream: Economic Life and Death in the South Carolina Lorn Country, 16/o-i^so (Oxford University Press, 1989), p. 75; о душевом доходе (самая высокая оценка) см. Alice Han son Jones, Wealth of a Nation To Be: The American Colonies on the Eve of the Revolution (Arno Press, 1980), p. 63.

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McCusker and Mennard, British North America, pp. 175,180-181.

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Сharles Gibson, The Aztecs under Spanish Rule: A History of the Indians of the Valley of Mexico, 1519-1810 (Stanford University Press, 1964), p. 277.

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Alexander von Humboldt, Political Essay on the Kingdom ofNew Spain, tr. John Black (London, 1822), vol. II, pp. 311, 320.

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Von Humboldt, PoliticalEssay, vol. IV, pp. 8-9.

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Peter Bakewell, «Mining in Colonial Spanish America», in The Cam bridgeHistory ofLatin America, vol. II, ed. Leslie Bethell (Cambridge University Press, 1984), pp. 127-128; Enrique Tandeter, Coercion and Market: SilverMining in ColonialPotosi, 1692-1826 (University of New Mexico Press, 1993), p.16.

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John H. Coatsworth, «The Decline of the Mexican Economy, 1800- i860», in America Latina en la ёроса de Simdn Bolivar: laformaci&n de la economias latinoamericanos у los intereses econdmicos europeos, 1 8 0 0 - 1850, ed. Reinhart Liehr (Berlin, Colloquium Verlag, 1989), p. 51.

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Branko Milanovic, Peter Н. Lindert, and Jeffrey G. Williamson, «Meas uring Ancient Inequality», Cambridge, MA, National Bureau of Economic Research, Working Paper 13550, http://www.nber.org/ papers/13550.pdf, 2007, p. 60.

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Robert С. Allen, The British Industrial Revolution in Global Perspective (Cambridge University Press, 2009), p. 211.

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Von Humboldt, Political Essay, Vol. Ill, p. 469.

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Von Humboldt, Political Essay, vol. I, pp. 212, 216, 223.

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Jacqueline М. С. Thomas, Les Ngbaka de la Lobaye: le dipeuplement rural chez une populationforestifre de la Ripublique Centrajricaine (Mouton, 1963). pp- 258-271,417-419

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Mary Kingsley, Travels in WestAfrica (National Geographic Society, 2002; originally published 1897), P-3^

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Harold A. Innis, The Fur Trade in Canada: An Introduction to Canadian Eco nomic History (University of Toronto Press, 1999; originally pub lished 1930), p. 18.

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Father Chrestien Le Clercq, in his New Relation of Gaspesia, tr. and ed. W. F. Ganong (The Champlain Society, 1910), p. 277.

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Цит. no Adam Hochschild, King Leopold’s Ghost: A Story of Greed, Terror, and Heroism in Colonial Africa (Houghton Mifflin, 1998), p. 13.

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К, House of Commons, Reportfrom the Select Committee on the West Coast ofAfrica; together with the minutes o f evidence, appendix, and index. Part I, Report and Evidence, Parliamentary Papers (1842), vols. XI, XII, question 467.

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Ibid, question 468.

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Kenneth F. Kiple and Kriemhild Conee Ornelas (eds.), The Cambridge World History of Food (Cambridge University Press, 2000), sec tion II.E.3, palm oil.

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R. C.Germond (ed.), Chronicles ofBasutoland: A Running Commentary on theEvents ofthe Tears 1830-1902 by the French Protestant Missionaries in Southern Africa (Morija Sesuto Book Depot, 1967), p. 267.

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Цит. по Mahmood Mamdani, Citizen and Subject (Princeton Universi ty Press, 1996), p. 135.

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Akira Hayami, Osamu Saito, and Ronald P. Toby (eds.), Emergence ofEco nomic Society in Japan, 1600-1859 (Oxford University Press, 2004), pp. 235-238.

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Hayami et al., Emergence, pp. 28, 241.

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