Handbook of Vanilla Science and Technology

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2 Vanilla Diseases

Juan Hernández-Hernández

2.1 INTRODUCTION

Diseases are some of the main factors that damage and reduce vanilla production, as well as the productive period of a plantation. The conditions of temperature and humidity under which vanilla grows tend to favor the development of pathogens, mainly fungi. The incidence of diseases is higher in traditional culture systems, plantations in the stage of production, and in older plantations. This chapter describes the main diseases of vanilla in Mexico and presents guidelines for prevention and control. It is always better to prevent a disease than to try to control the damage. When necessary, it is important to use chemical control in a rational way to avoid environmental contamination and also to respect the norms for production of healthy foods. Some environmental conditions leading to damage of vanilla plants are also discussed.

2.2 ROOT AND STEM ROT (FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM F. SP. VANILLAE)