Ящик. Как грузовой контейнер сделал мир меньше, а мировую экономику больше

³³⁴ Ting-Li Cho, «A Conceptual Framework for the Physical Development of the Port of Seattle», Port of Seattle Planning and Research Department, April 1966, p. 15; Arthur D. Little, Inc., Community Renewal Programming: A San Francisco Case Study (New York, 1966), p. 34.

³³⁵ Rosenstein, «The Rise of Maritime Containerization», pp. 65 and 85–86; Worden, Cargoes, 148; Nutter, «The Port of Oakland», pp. 112, 120; Port of Oakland, «1957 Revenue Bonds, Series P, $20,000,000», October 17, 1978, p. 15; Erie, Globalizing L.A., p. 90; Seattle Port Commission, «Container Terminals 1970–1975: A Development Strategy», November 1969, pp. 1, 10.

³³⁶ Burke, A History of the Port of Seattle, pp. 116, 122; Erie, Globalizing L.A., pp. 85–89; Minor, Pacific Gateway, p. 53; Fitzgerald, «A History of Containerization», pp. 91–93; Niven, American President Lines, pp. 250–251; Nutter, «The Port of Oakland», p. 84.

³³⁷ U.S. Department of Commerce, Marad, «Review of United States Oceanborne Trade 1966» (Washington, DC, 1967), p. 11.

³³⁸ Executive Office of the President, Economic Stabilization Program, Pay Board, «East and Gulf Coast Longshore Contract», May 2, 1972.

³³⁹ Alan F. Schoedel, «Boston Talks in Deadlock», JOC, June 29, 1966, and «No Progress Reported in Boston Port Dispute», JOC, November 22, 1966.

³⁴⁰ John R. Immer, Container Services of the Atlantic, 2nd ed. (Washington, DC, 1970), chaps. 14 and 15; Philadelphia Maritime Museum, «Delaware Riever Longshoremen Oral History Project: Background Paper», Vertical File, ILA Local 1291, Tamiment Labor Archive, New York University; Longshore News, December 1969; Charles F. Davis, 2Ports of Philadelphia Posts Impressive Record2, JOC, February 5, 1970; Bremer Ausschuß für Wirtschaftsforschung, Container Facilities and Traffic in 71 Ports of the World Midyear 1910 (Bremen, 1971).

³⁴¹ Matson Research Corporation, The Impact of Containerization on the U.S. Economy(Washington, DC, 1970), 1:88–98.

³⁴²

Robert J. McCalla, «From ‘Anyport’ to ‘Superterminal’», in Shipping and Ports in the Twenty-first Century, ed. David Pinder and Brian Slack (London, 2004), pp. 130–134; U.S. Department of Commerce, Marad, «Containerized Cargo Statistics Calendar Year 1974» (Washington, DC, 1974), p. 7; Austin J. Tobin, «Political and Economic Implications of Changing Port Concepts», in Schenker and Brockel, Port Planning and Development, p. 269. О кратковременном пребывании Ричмонда в роли контейнерного порта смотрите John Parr Cox, «Parr Terminal: Fifty Years of Industry on the Richmond Waterfront», interview by Judith K. Dunning (Berkeley, 1992), pp. 181–18.

³⁴³ PNYA, Via – Port of New York, Special Issue: Transatlantic Transport Preview (1965): 12–16.

³⁴⁴ Anthony G. Hoare, «British Ports and Their Export Hinterlands: A Rapidly Changing Geography», Geografiska Annaler, Series B. Human Geography 68, no. 1 (1986): 30–32; Fairplay, September 14, 1967, p. 5.

³⁴⁵ Wilson, Dockers, pp. 137, 309.

³⁴⁶ Там же, pp. 181–191; Anthony J. Tozzoli, «Containerization and Its Impact on Port Development», Journal of the Waterways, Harbors and Coastal Engineering Division, Proceedings of the American Society of Civil Engineers 98, no. WW3 (1972): 335; Fairplay, May 16, 1968, p. 51.

³⁴⁷ McKinsey & Company, «Containerization: The Key to Low-Cost Transport», June 1967; A. D. Little, Containerisation on the North Atlantic, p. 61; Turnbull, «Contesting Globalization», pp. 367–391.

³⁴⁸ «Developments in London», Fairplay, November 17, 1966, p. 29.

³⁴⁹ Wilson, Dockers, p. 239; J. R. Whittaker, Containerization (Washington, DC, 1975), pp. 35–42.

³⁵⁰ Wilson, Dockers, p. 152; Fairplay, July 18, 1968, p. 9.

³⁵¹

Беседа с Моррисоном, COHP; «UK Dockers Accept Pay Offer», JOC, March 23, 1970; Edward A. Morrow, «‘Intermodal’ Fee Stirs a Dispute», NYT, April 8, 1968; «Shipping Events: Inquiry Barred», NYT, July 26, 1968.

³⁵² Hoare, «British Ports», pp. 35–39; D. J. Connolly, «Social Repercussions of New Cargo Handling Methods in the Port of London», International Labour History 105 (1972): 555. Конноли обвиняет «использование технологий обработки грузов» в «упадке традиционных портовых сообществ и, соответственно, в ухудшении социальной жизни затронутых докеров», стр. 566.

³⁵³ Turnbull, «Contesting Globalization», pp. 387–388; Wilson, Dockers, pp. 243–244; Fortune, November 1967, p. 152.

³⁵⁴ Bremer Ausschuß für Wirtschaftsforschung, Container Facilities, pp. 48–51.

³⁵⁵ National Ports Council, Container and Roll-On Port Statistics, Great Britain, 1911: Part 1 (London, 1971), p. 31; National Ports Council, Annual Digest of Port Statistics 1974, Vol. 1 (London, 1975), Table 41; Henry G. Overman and L. Alan Winters, «The Geography of UK International Trade», Working Paper CEPDP0606, Centre for Economic Performance, London, January 2004. Данные Овермана и Винтерса были пересчитаны, чтобы исключить долю торговли, приходящуюся на авиаперевозки.