Jerusalem: The Biography

2 Helena in Jerusalem. Eusebius, Life of Constantine 3.26–43. Sozomen, Church History 2.1, 2.26. Helena barmaid: Grant, Constantine 16–17; visit 202–5. Zeev Rubin, ‘The Church of Holy Sepulchre and Conflict between the Sees of Caesarea and Jerusalem’, in Cathedra 2.79–99 on early visit of Constantine’s mother-in-law, Eutropia, in 324. Founding of Church: MacCulloch 193–6. Temple Mount, space and holiness to Jews/defeat of old revelation and victory of new: Oleg Grabar, The Shape of the Holy: Early Islamic Jerusalem 28. Goldhill, City of Longing 179. Peters,

Jerusalem 131–40. New Jerusalem: Goodman 560–77; Jewish reverence for Jerusalem 576–7. Jews: Avi-Yonah 159–63; small Jewish revolt reported in John Chrysostom 173. Basilicas and ceremonies of church: MacCulloch 199; Arianism 211–15. Bordeaux Pilgrim, Itinerary 589–94; see also Peters, Jerusalem 143–4, including new name for Zion. Confusion about real Zion: 2 Samuel 5.7, Micah 3.12. Tsafrir, Sacred Esplanade 73–99.

3 Constantius: Avi-Yonah, 174–205. Julian: Treadgold 59–63. Jews/Temple: Yohanan Levy, ‘Julian the Apostate and the Building of the Temple’, in Cathedra 3.70–95. Temple: Sozomen, Church History 5.22. Isaiah 66.14. Archeological Park

22. Norwich 339–100. Did Jews remove statues?/Isaiah inscription: Shanks 53–5. Arab revolts of Queen Maria and Saracen War in 375: Butcher 65–6.

4 The first pilgrims fourth/fifth century/Hun invasion: Zeev Rubin, ‘Christianity in Byzantine Palestine – Missionary Activity and Religious Coercion’, in Cathedra 3.97–113. Cheating, adultery – Gregory of Nyssa quoted in Peters, Jerusalem 153; prostitutes, actors – Paulinus of Nola quoted 153; Jerome on Paula quoted 152. Jerome: Freeman 274–84, including quotes on sex, virginity and swine. Festivals evolve, cross-biting: Egeria, Pilgrimage to the Holy Places, 50, 57–8, 67–74; and Bordeaux Pilgrim, Itinerary 589–94. Jerome on Britons: Barbara W. Tuchman, Bible and Sword (henceforth Tuchman) 23. Byzantine guides to Jerusalem: Breviarius and Topography of the Holy Land, quoted in Peters, Jerusalem 154–7. The Jews in Jerusalem/Temple Mount with statues: Bordeaux Pilgrim,

Itinerary 589–94. Mob of wretches: Jerome quoted in Peters, Jerusalem 145. Jewish revolt: Treadgold 56. Lane Fox, Unauthorized Version 213–14. Shanks 57. Peters, Jerusalem 143–4. Zion: 2 Samuel 5.7, Micah 3.12. Tsafrir, Sacred Esplanade 73–99. Monasticism: Wickham 59–67.

5 Eudocia, Barsoma, Christianity in Palestine: Rubin, ‘Christianity in Byzantine Palestine – Missionary Activity and Religious Coercion’, in Cathedra 3.97–113. Treadgold 89–94. Bahat, Atlas

68–79. Remains of Eudocia’s walls/Siloam Church: Archeological Park 42–4, 137 and 138. Eudocia and Barsoma: Peters, Jerusalem 157–62, including Piacenza Pilgrim seeing her tomb. Christology, monastic shock-troops: Wickham 59–67. Relics: Stephen Runciman, A History of the Crusades (henceforth Runciman) 1.40 and 49. Grabar, Shape of the Holy 25, 37. Christianization and anti-Jewish laws: Theodosius I and II: Avi-Yonah 213–21, 240–5; on Jerome – Jewish worms quoted at 222; end of patriarchate 225–30. Norwich 139–51. Creed and righteous behaviour: Donner, Muhammad 10–17. MacCulloch on monasticism including lollipop stylite pillar: 200–10; on Nestorius/Monophysitism 222–8. End of Hillelite patriarchs: G. Krämer, A History of Palestine (henceforth Krämer) 24. Armenian monks and asceticism: Igor Dorfmann-Lazarev, ‘Historical Itinerary of the Armenian People in Light of its Biblical Memory’, ms.