Критическая масса. Как одни явления порождают другие

³ Quoted in J.G. A. Pocock (1985), «Josiah Tucker on Burke, Locke, and Price.» In Virtue, Commerce and History: Essays on Political Thought and History; Chiefly in the Eighteenth Century, pp. 157-91. Cambridge University Press.

⁴ Emerson, The Conduct of Life, p. 202.

   5 Ibid.

   6 J.Kay (1995). «Cracks in the crystal ball.» Financial Times, 29 September.

   7 I. Fisher (1929). Quoted in R.Heilbroner, p. 251.

   8 P.Krugman (1994). Peddling Prosperity p. xi. W.W. Norton, New York.

   9 Ibid.

   10 K.Marx & F.Engels (1848). The Communist Manifesto, trans. S.Moore, p. 25. Junius Publications, London, 1996.

   11 Ibid., p. 48.

   12 P. H. Cootner, ed. (1964). The Random Character of Stock Market Prices. MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass.

   13 Quoted in G.Stix (1998). «А calculus of risk.» Scientific American, May, 70-75.

ГЛі\ВА 9. АГЕНТЫ ФОРТУНЫ

ЭПИГРАФЫ

Robert Heilbroner (1999), The Worldly Philosophers, 7th ed., pp. 316-17. Penguin, London.

Ral Waldo Emerson (1860). The Conduct of Life, p. 199. J.M. Dent, London, 1908.

Brian Arthur, quoted in M.M. Waldrop (1994), Complexity, p. 328. Penguin, London.

   1 T.Carlyle (1849). «The Nigger question.» In Miscellaneous Essays, vol. 7, pp. 79-110. Chapman & Hall, London, 1888.1 recommend P.Groenewegen’s «Thomas Carlyle, ‘the dismal scienc»,’ and the contemporary political economy of slavery,» History of Economics Review 34,74-94 (2001) for a discussion of Carlyle’s critique of «economic science» and his views on the economic implications of the emancipation of slaves.

   2 F Y.Edgeworth (1888). «Tests of accurate measurement.» In Papers Relating to Political Economy, vol. 1, p. 331. Macmillan, London, 1925.

   3 F.Y. Edgeworth (1881). Mathematical Psychics: An Essay on the Application of Mathematics to the Moral Sciences, pp. 12-13. Kegan Paul & Co., London.

   4 F.Y. Edgeworth, Mathematical Psychics, p. 50.

   5 Heilbroner, p. 176.

   6 J.M. Keynes (1926). «Francis Ysidro Edgeworth,» In Essays in Biography; p. 224. W. W. Norton, New York, 1963.

   7 P.Krugman (1994). Peddling Prosperity, p. xi. W.W. Norton, New York.

   8 Heilbroner, p. 317.

   9 D.Howell (2000). The Edge of Now. Macmillan, London.

   10 J. J Kay (2000). «Economic with the truth.» Prospect, October, p. 70.

   11 J M.Keynes (1936). The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money, p. 161. Macmillan, London, 1973.

   12 G.Soros (1994). Quoted in the editorial introduction to The Economy as a Complex Evolving System II, ed. W.B. Arthur, S.N. Durlauf & D.A. Lane, p. 15. Addison-Wesley, Reading, Mass.

   13 Kay, p. 70.

   14 AKirman (1996). «Some observations on interactions in economicsi». Paper presented at Workshop on Structural Change, Manchester Metropolitan University, U. K., May 20-21,1996.

   15 Ibid.

   16 Arthur, Durlauf & Lane, p. 9.

   17 C.Davenant (1696). «An Essay on the East-India-Trade,» p. 25. London.

   18 A.Smith (1759). The Theory of Moral Sentiments, p. 82. Ed. D.D. Raphael & A.L. Macfie. Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1976.

   19 E.Burke (1797). Letter to Arthur Young, 23 May. In The Worb and Correspondence of the Right Honourable Edmund Burke, vol. II, p. 398. Francis & John Rivington, London, 1852.

   20 Y.Louzoun, S.Solomon, J.Goldenberg & D.Mazursky (2002). «The risk at being unfair: world-size global markets lead to economic instability.» Preprint.

   21 J M. Epstein & R. Axtell (1996). Growing Artificial Societies, p. 136. MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass.480.

ГЛАВА 10. НЕОБЫЧНЫЕ ПРОПОРЦИИ

ЭПИГРАФЫ

George Kingsley Zipf (1949). Human Behavior and the Principle of Least Effort, p.27, Hafner, New York, 1965.

Herbert Simon (1996). The Sciences of the Artificial, 3rd ed., p. 2. MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass.

Philip Anderson (1997). In The Economy as a Complex Evolving System II, ed. W. В Artb S.N. Purlauf & D.A. Lane, p. 566. Addison-Wesley, Reading, Mass.

   1 L.Laloux, M.Potters, R.Cont, J.-P. Aguilar & J.-P. Bouchard (1999). «Are financial crashes predictable?» Europhysics Letters 45, 1-5.

   2 P.Bak (1997). How Nature Works, pp. 187-88. Oxford University Press.

   3 Ibid., p. 191.

   4 ATennyson (1842). «Locksley Hall,» p. 20, line 137, in Locksley Hall and Other Poems. Ernest Nister, London.