Кто мы и как сюда попали. Древняя ДНК и новая наука о человеческом прошлом

34 L. Van Dorp et al. “Evidence for a Common Origin of Blacksmiths and Cultivators in the Ethiopian Ari Within the Last 4500 Years: Lessons for Clustering-Based Inference”, PLoS Genetics 11 (2015): e1005397.

35 D. Reich et al. “Reconstructing Indian Population History”, Nature 461 (2009): 489–494.

36 Skoglund et al. “Reconstructing Prehistoric African Population Structure”.

37 Там же.

38 Там же.

39 J. K. Pickrell et al. “The Genetic Prehistory of Southern Africa”, Nature Communications 3 (2012): 1143; C. M. Schlebusch et al. “Genomic Variation in Seven Khoe-San Groups Reveals Adaptation and Complex African History”, Science 338 (2012): 374–379; Mallick et al. “Simons Genome Diversity Project”.

40 M. E. Prendergast et al. “Continental Island Formation and the Archaeology of Defaunation on Zanzibar, Eastern Africa”, PLoS One 11 (2016): e0149565.

41 Skoglund et al. “Reconstructing Prehistoric African Population Structure”.

42 P. Ralph, G. Coop. “Parallel Adaptation: One or Many Waves of Advance of an Advantageous Allele?”, Genetics 186 (2010): 647–668.

43 S. A. Tishkoff et al. “Convergent Adaptation of Human Lactase Persistence in Africa and Europe”, Nature Genetics 39 (2007): 31–40.

44 Ralph, Coop. “Parallel Adaptation”.

Глава 10. Геномика неравенства

1 P. Wade. Race and Ethnicity in Latin America

(London and New York: Pluto Press, 2010).

2 Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade Database, www.slavevoyages.org/assess- ment/ estimates

3 K. Bryc et al. “The Genetic Ancestry of African Americans, Latinos, and European Americans Across the United States”, American Journal of Human Genetics 96 (2015): 37–53.

4 А. Piers. Race Against Time (New York: Hawthorn Books, 1973).

5 Первая государственная перепись в 1790 г. зарегистрировала в Виргинии 292627 рабов-мужчин, а общее число мужчин в штате составляло 747610; данные с сайта www.nationalgeographic.org/ media/us-census-1790/

6 J. D. Rothman. Notorious in the Neighborhood: Sex and Families Across the Color Line in Virginia, 1787–1861 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2003).

7 E. A. Foster et al. “Jefferson Fathered Slave’s Last Child”, Nature 396 (1998): 27–28.

8 “Statement on the TJMF Research Committee Report on Thomas Jefferson and Sally Hemings”, January 26, 2000, в свободном доступе на сайте https://www.monticello.org/sites/default/files/ inline-pdfs/jefferson-hemings_report.pdf

9 M. Hemings. “Life Among the Lowly, No. 1”, Pike County (Ohio) Republican, March 13, 1873.

10 E. J. Parra et al. “Ancestral Proportions and Admixture Dynamics in Geographically Defined African Americans Living in South Carolina”, American Journal of Physical Anthropology 114 (2001): 18–29.

11 Там же.

12 Bryc et al. “Genetic Ancestry”.

13 J. N. Fenner. “Cross-Cultural Estimation of the Human Generation Interval for Use in Genetics-Based Population Divergence Studies”, American Journal of Physical Anthropology 128 (2005): 415–423.

14 D. Morgan. The Mongols (Malden, MA, and Oxford: Blackwell, 2007).

15 T. Zerjal et al. “The Genetic Legacy of the Mongols”, American Journal of Human Genetics 72 (2003): 717–721.

16 L. T. Moore et al. “A Y-Chromosome Signature of Hegemony in Gaelic Ireland”, American Journal of Human Genetics

78 (2006): 334–338.

17 S. Lippold et al. “Human Paternal and Maternal Demographic Histories: Insights from High-Resolution Y Chromosome and mtDNA Sequences”, Investigative Genetics 5 (2014): 13; M. Karmin et al. “A Recent Bottleneck of Y Chromosome Diversity Coincides with a Global Change in Culture”, Genome Research 25 (2015): 459–466.

18 Там же.

19 A. Sherratt. “Plough and Pastoralism: Aspects of the Secondary Products Revolution”, in Pattern of the Past: Studies in Honour of David Clarke, ed. Ian Hodder, Glynn Isaac, Norman Hammond (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1981), 261–306.

20 D. W. Anthony. The Horse, the Wheel, and Language: How BronzeAge Riders from the Eurasian Steppes Shaped the Modern World (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2007).

21 W. Haak et al. “Massive Migration from the Steppe Was a Source for Indo-European Languages in Europe”, Nature 522 (2015): 207–211; M. E. Allentoft et al. “Population Genomics of Bronze Age Eurasia”, Nature 522 (2015): 167–172.