Lingwa De Planeta (Lidepla) Grammar With Examples

gamande — haughty

or (if derived from nouns) in -ney:

sekret — secret

sekret-ney — secret, confidential

abyas — habit

abyas-ney — habitual

Besides, there are adjectives some ending in -an:

blan — white

gran — big

suan — sore

some ending in -ao (of Chinese origin):

hao — good

gao — high

syao — little (in size)

lao — old

some ending in -im (of Arabic origin):

muhim — important

karim — kind, good

rahim — merciful

also some adjective suffixes (-ful, -lik, -shil, -val) end in a consonant:

joisaful — joyful

ginalik — womanly

gunshil — industrious

Then there are some adjectives ending in -u and -y:

blu — blue

kway — quick.

The final –е of adjectives may be dropped if this doesn't complicate pronunciation:

jamile, jamil – beautiful

dine, din – thin.

Nouns and adjectives

One may qualify an object by placing a noun before another noun:

lingwa kanunes — language laws

akwa sportas — water sports

westa feng — western wind

A noun with the modifier-making particle -ney becomes an adjective:

Sey feng es westa-ney. — This wind is western.

Other ways of qualifying an object are:

1) using the preposition 'de':

kanunes de lingwa — laws of language

2) using the preposition 'do' which introduces a specific characteristic or purpose of an object that may be described in several words:

gela do grin okos — green-eyed girl

okula do surya — sun glasses

jen do lignagamba — a man with a wooden leg

es kosa do ridi — this is ridiculous Adjective suffixes

The suffixes -ale and -are have a general meaning. They are taken ready-made into LdP together with common European words (as a rule, abstract ones) and are not productive. They are very rare among most frequent words; one can mention among the latter only the following:

kordia — heart

kordiale — cordial

sentra — centre

sentrale — central

The suffix -ike (unstressed) derives adjectives which mean 'relating or pertaining to this noun':

osean — ocean

oseanike — oceanic

sistema — system

sistemike — pertaining to system

fanata — fanatic

fanatike — fanatical

harmonia — harmony

harmonike — harmonious

historia — history

historike — historical

If added to a noun ending in -a or -ia, those endings are dropped. Nouns ending in -ika produce adjectives ending in -ike:

publika — publike

gramatika — gramatike

The suffix-particle ke derives adjectives of relation from verbs or from word groups containing verbs. With polysyllabic i-verbs hyphens are not used:

kompari — compare

komparike — related to comparing, comparative

vidi — see

vidike — related to seeing, visual

audi — hear

audike — related to hearing, auditory

shwo — speak

shwo-ke — related to speaking

festi — celebrate

festike — celebratory

gusti — have taste

gustike — gustatory

helpi — help

helpike — auxiliary

mucho-safari-ke gunsa — a work involving a lot of travelling

mucho-shwo-ke bashan — a wordy speech

sempre-snegi-ke meteo — a weather of perpetual snowing

shao-pluvi-ke klima — a climate of little rain

hao-audi-ke musika — a music that is good to hear

hao-chi-ke fan — a food that is nice to eat

hao-yusi-ke sikin — a handy knife

hao-lekti-ke kitaba — a book that is easy or interesting to read

The suffix -tive means 'doing or capable of doing, connected with doing'. It is added to a verb, then -titive=>-tive, -sitive=>-sive:

puni — punish

punitive — punitive

nutri — nourish

nutritive — nutritive

akti — to act

aktive — active

konvinsi — to convict

konvinsive — convincing

sugesti — to suggest

sugestive — suggestive

atrakti — to attract

atraktive — attractive

exklusi — to exclude

exklusive — exclusive

explosi — to explode

explosive — explosive

The suffix -lik means "characteristic of, similar in appearance or character":

matalik — maternal, motherly

amigalik — friendly

manlik — manly

ginalik — womanly

domlik — homely, cozy

suryalik — sun-like

The suffix -ful means "possessing (esp. in great quantity), full of":

joisaful — joyful

jivaful — lively, sprightly, vivacious

lumaful — spotlit, luminous, alight

misteriaful — mysterious

danjaful — dangerous

The suffix -bile corresponds to '-able, -ible':

samaji — samajibile understandable

vidi — vidibile visible

audi — audibile audible

persepti — perseptibile perceptible

chi — chibile edible

The suffix -ish means "to some extent, somewhat, moderately":

blan — white

blanish — whitish

interes-ney — interesting

interes-nish — more or less interesting

hao — good

haoish — passable

When adding this suffix, the final -e of adjectives or -a of nouns is dropped; -ney => -nish.

The suffix -shil means "having inclination or tendency to":

gun — to work

gunshil — industrious

kusi — to bite

kusishil — tending to bite

fobi — to fear

fobishil — timorous

The suffix -val means "worthy":

admirival — admirable

sey filma es goval — this film is worth going to see

sey geim es pleival — this game is worth playing Substantivation of adjectives and participles

•   The particle 'lo' imparts to the adjective the meaning "that which is, things that are":

lo hao — the good, what is good