For nineteenth-century Russian literature and politics, see Isaiah Berlin, Russian Thinkers (London, 1978); Aileen Kelly, Toward Another Shore: Russian Thinkers between Necessity and Chance (New Haven, 1998) and her Views from the Other Shore: Essays on Herzen, Chekhov, and Bakhtin (New Haven, 1999); Leonard Schapiro, Turgenev: His Life and Times (Oxford, 1978). On the twentieth century, see K. Clark, The Soviet Novel: History as Ritual (Chicago, 1981); G. Freidin, A Coat of Many Colors: Osip Mandelstam and his Mythologies of Self-Preservation (Berkeley, 1987); J. Garrard and C. Garrard, Inside the Soviet Writers’ Union (London, 1990); T. Lahusen, How Life Writes the Book: Real Socialism and Socialist Realism in Stalin’s Russia (Ithaca, NY, 1997); R. Robin, Socialist Realism: An Impossible Aesthetic (Stanford, 1992); D. Shepherd, Beyond Metafiction: Self-Consciousness in Soviet Literature (Oxford, 1992); G. S. Smith, D. S. Mirsky: A Russian-English Life (Oxford, 2000), part 3.
J. Andrew (ed.), Russian Women’s Shorter Fiction: An Anthology 1835–1860 (Oxford, 1996); H. Goscilo and B. Holmgren (eds.), Russia – Women – Culture (Bloomington, Ind., 1997); B. Heldt, Terrible Perfection: Women in Russian Literature (Bloomington, Ind., 1987); B. Holmgren, Women’s Work in Stalin’s Times (Bloomington, Ind., 1993); C. Kelly (ed.), An Anthology of Russian Women’s Writing, 1777–1992 (Oxford, 1994) and C. Kelly, A History of Russian Women’s Writing, 1820–1992 (Oxford, 1994); M. Ledkovsky, C. Rosenthal, and M. Zirin (eds.), A Dictionary of Russian Women Writers (Westport, Conn., 1994); L. Ya. Ginzburg, Yu. M. Lotman, and B. Uspensky, The Semiotics of Russian Cultural History (Ithaca, NY, 1985); I. Reyfman, Ritualized Violence Russian Style: The Duel in Russian
Culture and Literature (Stanford, 1999); W. M. Todd III, Fiction and Society in the Age of Pushkin: Ideology, Institutions, and Narrative (Cambridge, Mass., 1986).
J. Andrew, Narrative and Desire in Russian Literature: The Feminine and The Masculine (Basingstoke, 1993); M. Makin, Marina Tsvetaeva: The Poetics of Appropriation (Oxford, 1994), chapter 3; F. J. Oinas, Essays in Russian Folklore and Mythology (Columbus, Ohio, 1975); D. E. Peterson, Up From Bondage: The Literature of Russian and African-American Soul (Durham, NC, 2000); S. Sandler, Distant Pleasures: Aleksandr Pushkin and the Writing of Exile (Stanford, 1989); J. West in R. Anderson and Paul Debreczeny, Russian Narrative and Visual Art: Varieties of Seeing (Gainesville, Florida, 1994).
S. Baehr, The Paradise Myth in Eighteenth-Century Russia (Stanford, 1991); J. Billington, The Icon and the Axe (London, 1966); C. Brandist, Carnival Culture in the Soviet Modernist Novel (Basingstoke, 1996); P. Davidson (ed.), Russian Literature and its Demons (London, 2000); S. Hutchings, Russian Modernism: The Transfiguration of the Everyday (Cambridge, 1997); E. Naiman, Sex in Public: The Incarnation of Early Soviet Literature (Ithaca, NY, 1997); R. Stites, Revolutionary Dreams: Utopian Visions and Experimental Life in the Russian Revolution (Oxford, 1989).
References in bold type are to explanatory text–boxes.
Akhmatova, Anna (1889–1966), poet 5, 18, 24, 26–7, 73, 88, 91, 103, 109, 111, 112–13, 115