The Historians' History of the World 03

. The hero Aristomenes and the Second Messenian War,

147

. The poet Tyrtæus,

149

.

CHAPTER VIII

The Ionians

(

ca.

650-630

B.C.

)

152

Origin and early history of Athens,

154

. King Ægeus,

155

. Theseus,

158

. Rise of popular liberty,

162

. Draco, the lawgiver,

164

.

CHAPTER IX

Some Characteristic Institutions

(884-590

B.C.

)

167

The oracle at Delphi,

170

. National festivals,

170

. The Olympian games,

172

. Character of the games,

173

. Monarchies and oligarchies,

175

. Tyrannies,

177

. Democracies,

179

.

CHAPTER X

The Smaller Cities and States

181

Arcadia, Ellis, and Achaia,

181

. Argos, Ægina, and Epidaurus,

182

. Sicyon and Megara,

184

. Bœotia, Locris, Phocis, and Eubœa,

187

. Thessaly,

189

. Corinth under Periander,

191

.

CHAPTER XI

Crete and the Colonies

194

Beloch’s account of Greek colonisation,

198

.

CHAPTER XII

Solon the Lawgiver

(

ca.

638-558

B.C.

)

207

The life and laws of Solon according to Plutarch,

209

. The law concerning debts,

213

. Class legislation,

215

. Miscellaneous laws; the rights of women,

216

. Results of Solon’s legislation,

217

. Solon’s journey and return; Pisistratus,

219

. A modern view of Solonian laws and constitution,

220

.

CHAPTER XIII

Pisistratus the Tyrant

(550-527

B.C.

)

222

The virtues of Pisistratus’ rule,

226

.

CHAPTER XIV

Democracy Established at Athens

(514-490

B.C.

)

231

Clisthenes, the reformer,

236

. Ostracism,

245

. The democracy established,

251

. Trouble with Thebes,

252

.

CHAPTER XV

The First Foreign Invasion

(506-490

B.C.

)

261

The origin of animosity,

262

. The Ionic revolt,

264

. War with Ægina,

267

. The first invasion,

268

. Battle of Marathon,

272

. On the courage of the Greeks,

277

. If Darius had invaded Greece earlier,

279

.

CHAPTER XVI

Miltiades and the Alleged Fickleness of Republics

(489

B.C.

)

280

CHAPTER XVII

The Plans of Xerxes

(485-480

B.C.

)

285

Xerxes bridges the Hellespont,

295

. How the host marched,

297

. The size of Xerxes’ army,

301

.

CHAPTER XVIII

Proceedings in Greece from Marathon to Thermopylæ

(489-480

B.C.

)

305

Themistocles and Aristides,

306

. Congress at Corinth,

308

. The vale of Tempe,

313

. Xerxes reviews his host,

314

.

CHAPTER XIX

Thermopylæ

(480

B.C.

)

320

The famous story as told by Herodotus,

320

. Leonidas and his allies,

321

. Xerxes assails the pass,

323

. The treachery of Ephialtes,

323

. The final assault,

325

. Discrepant

accounts of the death of Leonidas,

327

. After Thermopylæ,

327

.

CHAPTER XX

The Battles of Artemisium and Salamis

(480

B.C.

)

330

Battle of Artemisium,

331

. Athens abandoned,

334

. The fleet at Salamis,

337

. Xerxes at Delphi,

338

. Athens taken,

339

. Xerxes inspects his fleet,

340

. Schemes of Themistocles,

342

. Battle of Salamis,

345

. The retreat of Xerxes,

348

. The spoils of victory,

351

. Syracusan victory over Carthage,

352

.

CHAPTER XXI

From Salamis to Mycale

(479

B.C.

)

353

Mardonius makes overtures to Athens,

354

. Mardonius moves on Athens,

356

. Athens appeals to Sparta,

357

. Mardonius destroys Athens and withdraws,

358

. A preliminary skirmish,

360

. Preparations for the battle of Platæa,

362

. Battle of Platæa,

366

. Mardonius falls and the day is won,

370

. After the battle,

371

. The Greeks attack Thebes,

373

. The flight of the Persian remnant,

374

. Contemporary affairs in Ionia,

374

. Battle of Mycale,

376

. After Mycale,

377

. A review of results,

379

. A glance forward,

379

.

CHAPTER XXII

The Aftermath of the War

(478-468

B.C.

)

382

Athens rebuilds her walls,

382

. The new Athens,

384

. The misconduct of Pausanias,

386

. Athens takes the leadership,

388

. The confederacy of Delos,

389

. The treason of Pausanias,

391

. Political changes at Athens,

394

. The downfall of Themistocles,

396

.

CHAPTER XXIII

The Growth of the Athenian Empire

(479-462

B.C.

)

402

The victories of Cimon,

408

. Mitford’s view of the period,

409

.

CHAPTER XXIV

The Rise of Pericles

(462-440

B.C.

)

416

The Areopagus,

420

. Cimon exiled,

423

. The war with Corinth,

424

. The Long Walls,

425

. Cimon recalled,

427

. The Five-Years’ Truce,

430

. The confederacy becomes an empire,

431

. Commencement of decline,

432

. The greatness of Pericles,

435

. A Greek federation planned,

436

.

CHAPTER XXV

Athens at War

(440-432

B.C.

)

438

The Samian War,

438

. The war with Corcyra,

439

. The war with Potidæa and

Macedonia,

444

.

CHAPTER XXVI

Imperial Athens under Pericles

(460-430

B.C.

)

448

Judicial reforms of Pericles,

454

. Rhetors and sophists,

459

. Phidias accused,

461

. Aspasia at the bar,

462

. Anaxagoras also assailed,

463

.

CHAPTER XXVII

Manners and Customs of the Age of Pericles

(460-410

B.C.

)

465

Cost of living and wages,

465

. Schools, teachers, and books,

472

. The position of a wife in Athens,

473

.

CHAPTER XXVIII

Art of the Periclean Age

(460-410

B.C.

)

477

Architecture,

477

. Sculpture,

483

. Painting, music, etc.,

487

. The artists of the other cities of Hellas,

490

.

CHAPTER XXIX

Greek Literature

492

Oratory and lyric poetry,

492

. Tragedy,

497

. Comedy,

504

. The glory of Athens,

505

.

CHAPTER XXX

The Outbreak of the Peloponnesian War

(432-431

B.C.

)

508

Our sources,

508

. The origin of the war,

510

. Preparations for the conflict,

517

. The surprise of Platæa,

522

. Pericles’ reconcentration policy,

526

. The first year’s ravage,

527

.

CHAPTER XXXI

The Plague; and the Death of Pericles

(431-429

B.C.

)

535

The oration of Pericles,

535

. Thucydides’ account of the plague,

539