Wiki-правительство

62. Prioritizing Resources and Organization for Intellectual Property Act of 2008 (ProIP Act) S. 3325. Nate Anderson, “Big Content Gloats as Bush Signs Pro-IP Act,” ArsTechnica, October 14, 2008 (http://arstechnica.com/news.ars/post/20081014-bush-signs-pro-ip-act-big-content-gloats.html [December 2008]); John Borland, “RIAA Settles with 12-Year-Old Girl,” September 9, 2003 (http://news.cnet.com/2100-1027-5073717.html [October 2008]); Eric Bangeman, “RIAA versus Grandma, Part II: The Showdown That Wasn’t,” December 16, 2007 (arstechnica.com/news.ars/post/20071216.html [October 2008]). См. также: MGM Studios Inc. v. Grokster, Ltd., 545 U. S. 913 (2005) (peer-to-peer filesharing case) (arstechnica.com/news.ars/post/20081014.html [October 2008]).

Глава 3

1. U. S. Patent and Trademark Office, “Patent Organization” (www.uspto.gov/web/offices/pac/index.html [October 2008]).

2. В TC-2100 скопилось 87 301 заявка, ожидающая начала экспертизы, а всего в Бюро патентов 151 698 патентных заявок. В 2008 г. TC 2100 слилось с другим подразделением и стало называться TC 2400. Джек Харви остался руководителем.

3. Patent Act of 1952, as amended. 35 U. S. C. 101 et seq.

4. “Confidential status of applications; publication of patent applications,” 35 U. S. C. 122 (November 29, 2000).

5. “Infringement of patent,” 35 U. S. C. 271 (December 8, 2003); “Damages,” 35 U. S. C. 284 (November 29, 2000); “Injunctions,” 35 U. S. C. 283 (July 19, 1952), “Attorney fees,” 35 U. S. C. 285 (July 19, 1952); “Contents and term of patent; provisional rights,” 35 U. S. C. 154 (November 2, 2002); eBay Inc v. MercExchange, L. L. C., 547 U. S. C. 388 (2006) (запрет обсуждать ограничения и требования в патентах).

6. Другое исследование касается открытых приложений и документов, в частности доклада МВФ. См.: Richard Harper, Inside the IMF: An Ethnography of Documents, Technology, and Organizational Action (Academic Press, 2007); Geoffrey Bowker and Susan Leigh Star, Sorting Things Out: Classification and Its Consequences (MIT Press, 2008); Annelise Riles, ed., Documents: Artifacts of Modern Knowledge (University of Michigan Press, 2006).

7. Abraham Lincoln, “Lecture on Discoveries and Inventions (Feb. 11, 1859),” in Abraham Lincoln: Speeches and Writings, 1859–1865, edited by Don E. Fehrenbacher (New York: Library of America, 1989), p. 11.

8. См.: Saul Lach and Mark Schankerman, “Incentives and Invention in Universities,” RAND Journal of Economics 39 (June 22, 2008): 403–433; Association of University Technology Managers, “Emory Is Top-Ranked University in Latest Survey of Commercialized Research,” February 26, 2007 (www.highbeam.com); “Bayh-Dole University and Small Business Patent Procedures Act,” P. L. 96–517, sec. 6 (a) (December 12, 1980).

9. Eben Moglen, “The Global Software Industry in Transformation,” annual lecture, Scottish Society for Computers and Law, Edinburgh, June 26, 2007 (www.archive.org/details/EbenMoglenLectureEdinburghJune2007DVD [December 2008]).

10. Joseph Stigliz, “Give Prizes Not Patents,” New Scientist, September 16, 2006, p. 21.

11. Malcolm Gladwell, “In the Air,” New Yorker, May 12, 2008.

12. Frank Lewis Dyer and Thomas Commerford Martin, Edison: His Life and Inventions (New York: Harper and Brothers, 1910); см. также: The Incandescent Lamp Patent, Supreme Court of the United States, 159 U. S. 465 (1895).

13. Roger Bilstein, Flight in America: From the Wrights to the Astronauts (Johns Hopkins University Press, 2001), p. 28; Robert P. Merges and Richard R. Nelson, “On the Complex Economics of Patent Scope,” Columbia Law Review 839 (1990): 16–17.

14. James Bessen and Michael J. Meurer, Patent Failure (Princeton University Press, 2008).

15. James Bessen and Michael J. Meurer, “Do Patents Stimulate R&D Investment and Promote Growth?” (www.patentlyo.com/patent/2008/03/do-patentsstim.html [October 2008]).

16. Mark Lemley and Bhaven Sampat, “Is the Patent Office a Rubber Stamp,” Working Paper 999098, Second Annual Conference on Empirical Legal Studies, Stanford (papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers. cfm?abstract_id=999098 [October 2008]).

17. См.: Cecil D. Quillen Jr. and Ogden H. Webster, “Continuing Patent Applications and Performance of the U. S. Patent and Trademark Office,” Federal Circuit Bar Journal 11 (2001): 13; Cecil D. Quillen Jr., Ogden H. Webster, and Richard Eichmann, “Continuing Patent Applications and Performance of the U. S. Patent and Trademark Office: Extended,” Federal Circuit Bar Journal 12 (2002): 38 (снижение на 12 % по сравнению с более ранними вычислениями).