Зима. Секреты выживания растений и животных в самое суровое время года

A. R. Richter, S. R. Humphrey, J. B. Cope and V. Brack, Jr. (1993). Modified cave entrances: Thermal effect on body mass and resulting decline of endangered Indiana bats (Myotis sodalis) // Conservation Biology. 7(2). P. 407–415.

J. R. Speakman and P. A. Racey. (1989). Hibernal ecology of the pipistrelle bat: Energy expenditure, water requirements and mass loss, implications for survival and the function of winter emergence flights // J. Animal Ecology. 58. P. 797–813.

M. D. Tuttle. (1979). Status, causes of decline and management of endangered gray bats // J. Wildlife Management. 43. P. 1–17.

F. A. Urquhart. (1976). Found at last: The monarch’s winter home // National Geographic Magazine. 150. P. 160–173.

_. (1987). Monarch Butterfly, the International Traveler. Chicago: Nelson-Hall.

_ and N. R. Urquhart. (1976). The overwintering site of the eastern population of the monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus

; Danaidae) in southern Mexico // J. Lepid. Soc. 30. P. 153–158.

18. Зимние сборища

P. W. Gorenzel and T. P. Salmon. (1995). Characteristics of American crow urban roosts in California // J. Wildlife Management. 59(4). P. 638–645.

H. G. Hanson. (1946). Crow centers of the United States // Oklahoma Game and Fish News. 2(3). P. 4–7, 18.

B. Heinrich. (1989). Communal roosts // B. Heinrich. Ravens in Winter. New York: Simon and Schuster. P. 159–165.

J. M. Marzluff, B Heinrich and C. S. Marzluff. (1996). Roosts are mobile information centers // Animal Behav. 51. P. 89–103.

R. Shine and R. Mason. (2001). Serpentine cross-dressers // Natural History. 110. February. P. 56–61.

P. C. Stouffer

and D. F. Caccamise. (1991). Roosting and diurnal movements of radio-tagged American crows // Wilson Bull. 103(3). P. 387–400.

19. Зимние стаи

D. H. Morse. (1977). Feeding behavior and predator avoidance in heterospecific groups // BioScience. 27(5). P. 332–339.

E. Thaler. (1990). Die Goldhähnchen. Wittenberg Lutherstadt: A. Ziemsen Verlag.

20. Консервация ягод

W. H. Karasov. (1993). In the belly of the bird // Natural History. 102. November. P. 32–37.

E. W. Stiles. (1984). Fruit for all seasons // Natural History. 93. August. P. 43–53.

21. Медведи зимой

G. L. Alt and J. M. Grutladavria

. (1984). Reuse of black bear dens in northeastern Pennsylvania // J. Wildlife Management. 48. P. 236–239.

H. J. Harlow, T. Lohuis, T. D. I. Beck and P. A. Iaizzo. (2001). Muscle strength in overwintering bears // Nature. 409. P. 997.

R. B. Johnson. (1998). The bearable lightness of being: Bones, muscles, and spaceflight // Anatomical Record. 253(1). P. 24–27.

J. D. Jones, P. Burnett and P. Zollman. (1999). The glyoxylate cycle: Does it function in the dormant or active bear? // Compar. Biochem. and Physiol. B. 124. P. 177–179.

A. LeBlanc, C. Lin, L. Shackelford, V. Sinitsyn, H. Evans, O. Belichenko, B. Schenkman, I. Kozlovskaya, V. Oganov, A. Bakulin, T. Hedrick and D. Feeback. (2000). Muscle volume, MRI relaxation times (T2), and body composition after spaceflight // J. Applied Physiol. 89(6). P. 2158–2164.

M. K. Miller. (1995). Space makes strange bedfellows // The Sciences. 35(3). P. 12–16.

R. A. Nelson, T. D. I. Beck and D. L. Steiger

. (1984). Ration of serum urea to serum creatine in wild black bears // Science. 226. P. 841–842.

O. A. Ormseth, M. Nicolson, M. A. Pellymounter and B. B. Boyer. (1996). Leptin inhibits prehibernation hyperphagia and reduces body weight in arctic ground squirrels // Amer. J. Physiol. 271(6). P. 1775.

A. C. Rerkin. (1989). Sleeping beauties // Discover. April. P. 62–65.

L. Rogers. (1981). A bear in its lair // Natural History. 90. October. P. 64–70.

W. D. Tietje and R. L. Ruff. (1980). Denning behavior of black bears in boreal forest of Alberta // J. Wildlife Management. 44(4). P. 858–870.

D. B. Tinker, H. J. Harlow and T. D. I. Beck. (1998). Protein use and muscle-fiber changes in free-ranging, hibernating black bears // Physiol. Zool. 71. P. 414–424.

R. J. White and M. Avener. (2001). Humans in space // Nature. 409. P. 1115–1118.

22. Запасы пищи