Английский язык. Практический курс для решения бизнес-задач

18. statistical discrepancy – статистическое расхождение

19. international aid – международная помощь

20. remittance (rem) n – денежный перевод, платеж

remit v – переводить, отправлять деньги

21. official reserve assets – официальные резервные активы

22. securities n – ценные бумаги

23. reserve position – сальдо резервов

24. claim n – требование, право, претензия, иск, рекламация; участок земли, отведенный под разработку недр

claim v

– требовать, претендовать; утверждать; возбуждать иск о возмещении убытков

25. Сustoms Service – таможенная служба

26. smuggling n – контрабанда

smuggler n – контрабандист

smuggle v – заниматься контрабандой

27. Department of Commerce (US) – Министерство торговли США

28. Shippers’ Export Declaration (SED) – экспортная декларация

Exercise 1. Answer the following questions.

1. What are the arguments that advocates of protectionism usually use? 2. What protectionist tools can governments apply to manage their countries’ international trade positions? 3. What do the US free trade advocates traditionally say to support their views? 4. What are the key measurements of trade? 5. What is the essence of the balance of trade? 6. How is the balance of payments structured? 7. How are exports and imports measured?

Exercise 2*. Match the following definitions with terms given below and make sentences with each terms.

1. With this term of settlement the exporter insists on receiving payment before shipping or dispatching the goods.

2. An order drawn and signed by the exporter (the drawer) addressed to the importer or the bank (the drawee) to pay the exporter (the payee) a certain sum on a specific day.

3. Any plant, machinery, equipment or accessories required for manufacture or production, either directly or indirectly, of goods or for rendering services, including those required for replacement, modernization, technological upgrading or expansion.

4. Items, which participate in or are required for a manufacturing process, but do not necessarily form part of the end-product. Items, which are substantially or totally consumed during a manufacturing process.

5. Goods, which can directly satisfy human needs without further processing.

6. Processing of or working upon raw materials or semi-finished goods supplied to the job worker so as to complete a part of the process resulting in the manufacture or finishing of an article or any operation which is essential for the aforesaid process.

7. To make, produce, fabricate, assemble, process or bring into existence, by hand or by machine, a new product having a distinctive name, character or use and shall include processes such as refrigeration, re-packing, polishing, labeling.

8. This term relates to the form of settlement whereby companies simply invoice their customers and expect to receive payment in due course, usually 30, 60 or 90 days after invoice date.

9. An individual, firm, society, company, or corporation.

10. Basic materials which are needed for the manufacture of goods, but which are still in a natural, unrefined or unmanufactured state.

11. A part or a sub-assembly or assembly for substitution, that is ready to replace an identical or similar part or sub-assembly or assembly. It includes a component or an accessory.

Terms:

jobbing, capital goods, person, bill of exchange, consumables, open account trading, spare part, consumer goods, manufacture, raw material, advance payment

Exercise 3. You are a journalist writing for The Moscow Times and you are to interview a WTO official about the policies and goals of this organization. Make a dialogue between these two individuals using the following briefing materials.

The World Trade Organization (WTO), established on January 1, 1995, is the only global international organization dealing with the rules of trade between nations. It was created by the Uruguay Round of negotiations over a 14-year period and has 144 member countries (as of January 2002). At the heart of the WTO are the various agreements, negotiated and signed by the bulk of the world’s trading nations and ratified in their parliaments. These agreements cover a range of topics:

–Reductions in tariffs;

–Fairer competition in agricultural trade;

–Textiles trade;

–Trade in services;

–Protection and enforcement of intellectual property;

–Issues related to antidumping, export subsidies, and safeguards; and

–Other non-tariff barriers.

The goal of the WTO is to help producers of goods and services, exporters, and importers conduct their business. The agreements have three main objectives:

–To help trade flow as freely as possible,

–To achieve further liberalization gradually through negotiation, and