transparent
11. controls
12. moral hazard
– моральный риск (риск того, что действия по ослаблению последствий рискованных действий повысят вероятность таких событий)13. executive director
– исполнительный директор14. superannuation
15. ex ante
– ожидаемый, предполагаемый16. scheme
17. covenant
18. discretion
discretionary
19. subordinate
subordinate (to)
subordinate
subordinated
20. raise money (capital, funds)
– привлекать деньги (капитал, средства)21. expansion
expand
22. endorsement
endorse
23. bylaw
24. nominee
nomination
nominate
25. mandate
mandate
mandatory
26. listing
list
list
27. London Stock Exchange (LSE)
– Лондонская фондовая биржа28. respondent
29. Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)
– Организация экономического сотрудничества и развития (ОЭСР)30. premium (pm, prem)
31. background
background
Exercise 1. Answer the following questions.
1. What is corporate governance? 2. What are the important foci of corporate governance? 3. Why has the interest in corporate governance strengthened recently? 4. Who are the parties to corporate governance? 5. What are the key principles of corporate governance? 6. What are the internal corporate governance controls? 7. What are the relative merits of executive and non-executive directors? 8. What are the external corporate governance controls? 9. Are rules better suited than principles to practical implementation of corporate governance? 10. What are the competitive advantages of the liberal and coordinated models of corporate governance? 11. What authority do BoDs have in the U.S.? 12. What is the main difference between corporate governance codes and guidelines? 13. How does the quality of corporate governance affect performance of a company?
Exercise 2*. Find terms in the text that match definitions given below and make sentences of your own with each term.
1. individuals associated together by the fact of residence in the same locality, or of subjection to the same laws and regulations
2. indicating trustee or his office; accepted only because the public has faith in its value
3. empowered to appoint or elect a representative; serving to make up a thing; component
4. a particular course or model of action
5. that which comes out of or results from something; the consequence; the conclusion
6. specialized knowledge
7. an agreement between two or more persons to do or refrain from doing some act; an incidental clause in a legal agreement
8. to assign by writing one’s name on the back; to sanction, ratify or approve
9. a standing rule of an organized group, created for the regulation of its internal organization and the governing of its members; a local law or ordinance enacted by a municipality or other community