Awe

Melodious, slow music: Loomba, Rohit S., Rohit Arora, Parinda H. Shah, Suraj Chandrasekar, and Janos Molnar. “Effects of Music on Systolic Blood Pressure, Diastolic Blood Pressure, and Heart Rate: A Meta-analysis.” Indian Heart Journal 64, no. 3 (2012): 309–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0019-4832(12)60094-7.

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Faster, louder music: Trappe, Hans-Joachim, and Gabriele Voit. “The Cardiovascular Effect of Musical Genres.” Deutsches Ärzteblatt International 113, no. 20 (2016): 347. PMID: 27294814; PMCID: PMC4906829.

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the dopaminergic circuitry:

Ferreri, Laura, et al. “Dopamine Modulates the Reward Experiences Elicited by Music.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 9 (2019): 3793–98. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1811878116. PMID: 30670642; PMCID: PMC6397525.

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bodily state of musical awe: Konečni, Vladimir J., Rebekah A. Wanic, and Amber Brown. “Emotional and Aesthetic Antecedents and Consequences of Music-Induced Thrills.” American Journal of Psychology 120 (2007): 619–43.

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their brains synchronize: Abrams, Daniel A., Srikanth Ryali, Tianwen Chen, Parag Chordia, Amirah Khouzam, Daniel J. Levitin, and Vinod Menon. “Inter-subject Synchronization of Brain Responses during Natural Music Listening.” European Journal of Neuroscience 37 (2013): 1458–69. Trost, Wiebke, Sascha Frühholz, Tom Cochrane, Yann Cojan, and Patrik Vuilleumier. “Temporal Dynamics of Musical Emotions Examined through Intersubject Synchrony of Brain Activity.” Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience

10, no. 12 (2015): 1705–21. https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsv060.

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shared brain activation: Henry, Molly J., D. J. Cameron, Dana Swarbick, Dan Bosnyak, Laurel Trainor, and Jessica Grahn. “Live Music Increases Intersubject Synchronization of Audience Members’ Brain Rhythms.” Presentation to the Cognitive Neuroscience Society Annual Conference, Boston, March 27, 2018.

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Some 2,500 years ago: NASA has transformed the patterns of energy emitted by different planets into sounds that you can hear, and there are devices that transform the very slow sounds that plants emit into songs.

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She feels touched: To read of Oliver Sacks’s speculations about the underlying neurophysiology of bright lights and out-of-body experiences in musical and mystical awe and that of near-death experiences, see: Sacks, Oliver. “Seeing God in the Third Millennium.” Atlantic

, December 12, 2012. https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2012/12/seeing-god-in-the-third-millennium/266134/.

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purpose is to objectify feeling: Langer, Susanne K. Feeling and Form: A Theory of Art. New York: Macmillan, 1953, 374.

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“the pattern of life”: Haidt, Jonathan. “The Emotional Dog and Its Rational Tail: A Social Intuitionist Approach to Moral Judgment.” Psychological Review 108 (2001): 814–34. https://doi.org/10.1037//0033-295X.108.4.814. Graham, Jesse, Brian A. Nosek, Jonathan Haidt, Ravi Iyer, Spassena Koleva, and Peter H. Ditto. “Mapping the Moral Domain.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

101, no. 2 (2011): 366–85, https://doi.org/10.1037/a0021847.

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our experience of aesthetic emotion: Immanuel Kant called the realm of aesthetics the “free play of the imagination.” Kant, Immanuel. Critique of Judgment. Translated by J. H. Bernard. New York: Hafner Press, 1951, 190. By “free,” he meant that in the arts we are free from the constraints of society and the demands of the default self. By “play,” he meant that we can explore and try out ideas; we can imagine what might be at the safe distance that art forms allow us.

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The realm of meaning: Langer, Susanne. Feeling and Form. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1953, 27.

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