Enlightenment Now: The Case for Reason, Science, Humanism, and Progress

and politics as predicting scientific belief, 356–8

rationalization vs. reason and, 359

scientific literacy as no cure for, 403

and Tragedy of the Belief Commons, 358

unappreciated, 379, 383

See also cognitive biases

Illusion of Explanatory Depth, 379–80

immigrants and immigration

cuisines introduced by, 259–60

literature written by, 284

social spending and, 110

Trump and, 335, 336

immortality, 60–61

imperialism

blamed on science, 34, 388, 399

Muslim countries and, 439

See also colonial governments

income, 85–7, 86, 95–6

and class distribution, 114–15

disposable (after taxes and transfers) vs. market, 115–16, 116, 118, 254–5, 254

global distribution of, 111

after Great Recession, 115

happiness as increasing with, 268–71, 269

universal basic income, 119

India

agriculture in, 76

Axial Age and, 23

calories available per person in, 70, 70

carbon emissions of, 143, 143–4

civil wars in, 160

colonial government of, 78

democratization and, 200, 203

education in, 238

equal rights, moderate support for, 222

escape from poverty of, 85, 86, 90

famine in, 69, 72, 78

GDP of, 85

globalization and, 111

industrialization and women in the workforce, 94

liberalization of economy, 90

liberal Muslim rule of 16th century, 442

nuclear power and, 150

nuclear weapons and, 307–8, 317, 318

partition of, 49, 160

per capita income of, 86

as permit bureaucracy (“license raj”), 90

population-control program of, 74

poverty in, 89

refugees and displaced persons, 160

secularization and, 436

social spending in, 109

and Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 419

women’s rights and, 222

indigenous peoples, 123, 199. See also hunter–gatherer peoples

Indochina wars (1946–54), 160

Indonesia

anti-Communist purge (1965–66), 161, 484n77

democratization and, 200, 203, 442

military government of, 200

nuclear power and, 150

poverty in, 89

social spending in, 109

industrialization

of the developing world, 92–4

ecomodernist appreciation for, 123–4

See also globalization; Industrial Revolution

Industrial Revolution

agriculture and, 74–5

CO2 concentration, before and after, 136

energy capture and release and, 24

Gross World Product and, 81

working conditions, harsh, 94, 185–6, 230

inequality. See economic inequality; equal rights

infectious disease, 62–7, 66

and bioterrorism, difficulty with, 306–7

eradication and control of, 63–7, 66, 307

germ theory of, 63, 83

and life expectancy setbacks, 55

pandemics, falsely predicted, 307

preindustrial poverty and, 80

See also health; health care; life expectancy; medicine; vaccines; specific diseases

information, 19–21

accumulated in genome during evolution, 20, 21

accumulated in neural activity, 20–21

as basic constituent of the universe, 20

economic measures difficult to apply to, 332–3

as reduction in entropy, 19–20

science as depending on, 391–2

second machine age and, 330–32

unknown to Enlightenment thinkers, 14, 386

Inglehart, Ronald, 124, 224, 340, 491n106

Inhofe, James, 387

innumeracy

as human nature, 26

ideological, 48, 191

and political ideologies, 360–61

Inquisition, 442

institutions, human, 28

declining trust in, 29, 438, 456n1

development of, and creation of wealth, 83–4

and hope for progress, 12

humanist ideals inspiring, 411–12

integrity of, and emancipative values, 228

loss of faith in, anxiety and, 286

populism and disdain for, 333–4

populist power limited via, 337–8

See also commerce; government; trade; university and college education

insurance, social spending as, 110

intellectuals

and consumerism, double standard about, 247–8

dictator fanship of (tyrannophilia), 445, 446–7

Enlightenment, ambivalence toward, 29–30, 249

and equal rights, denial of advancements in, 215

ideological innumeracy and, 48, 191

and industrial work, rejection of, 92–3

IQ tests rejected by, 243

leftist tilt of, 372–3

Negativity bias and, 48–9

Nietzsche as influence on, 445, 446–7, 452

perception of social isolation and loneliness, 274

pessimism equated with moral seriousness, 49

romance with Marxism, 363, 372

and romantic militarism, 165–6

as Second Culture, 33–4, 389–90, 456n12

and skepticism regarding progress, 39–40, 456n1

standard of living, disdain for, 34

Trumpism inadvertently encouraged by, 343, 447–50, 491n118

See also academia; declinism; faitheism; pessimism; romantic heroism; Romanticism; science, disdain for

intelligence

and the cognitive niche, 22–3

Fermi Paradox, 308

general intelligence factor (g), 242

misperception about, causing fear of AI, 296–8

networks of neurons and, 21

subtypes of, 242

See also Flynn effect; knowledge; reason

Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity, 367–8

Intelligence Quotient (IQ), rise in. See Flynn effect

international community

advantages of, 450–51

foreign aid, 95

nuclear war and importance of, 312, 315

outlawry of war requiring, 163–4

populism and rejection of, 334–8, 448, 449–51

shaming campaigns, 222, 443

international dollar, 80

International Labour Organization, 232

international trade agreements, Trump and, 334–5

Internet

access to, 257

cyberattacks, 300–302, 304–6, 335

education online, 238, 260, 331