Enlightenment Now: The Case for Reason, Science, Humanism, and Progress

and entertainment, diversification of, 260–61

searches on, prejudice revealed through, 217–19, 218, 339–40, 471n13

See also social media

intuition, actuarial formulas outperforming, 403–4

Iran

ancient (Persia), 23, 398

capital punishment in, 209–210

civil war in, 160

compromise of nuclear centrifuges of, 304

democratization and, 206

fertility decreasing in, 126

nuclear weapons and, 313, 337

war with U.S. or Israel, discussion of, 313

Iran-Iraq War, 160

Iraq

democratization and, 206

Kuwait conquest (1990–91), 163

terrorist deaths in, 193

U.S.-led invasion of (2003), 158, 197, 206, 291, 313, 376, 439

U.S. military fatalities in, 192

Ireland, 436, 483n39

Irish Republican Army, 195

irrationality

Enlightenment recognition of, 8–9, 353, 482n6

and politicized issues, 381–4

reason and, 8–9, 351, 353, 358, 375, 407

See also cognitive biases; identity-protective cognition

Irwin, Douglas, 462n63

ISIS (Islamic State), 5, 42, 162, 198, 216, 404, 420

Islam, 439–43

antihumanistic doctrines in, 440–42

and civilization, classical Arab, 439, 442

Enlightenments in, 439, 442–3

intellectual apologists for antihumanism, 441–2

See also Arab countries; Muslim countries; Muslims

Islamist extremists

Availability heuristic and worries about, 42

certainty of values of, 5, 420

civil war increases since Cold War and, 158–9

female literacy and, 240

hate crimes following terror attacks, 219–20, 220

and motives of terrorist killers, 196, 216

number of Americans killed by, 194, 469n10

perceived as threat to U.S., 42, 162, 198, 404

and reactionary ideology of Sayyid Qutb, 441

and right-wing nationalism, 451

and Syrian civil war, 159

theoconservatism (Christian) similar to, 449

and wars within Muslim-majority countries, 439

See also ISIS; terrorism and terrorists

Islamophobia, 219, 440, 441–2

anti-Islamic hate crimes, 219–20, 220

Ismail, Gululai, 443

Israel

agriculture of, 129

cyber-sabotage and, 304

happiness ranking of, 475n30

nuclear weapons and, 317, 318

and war, 313

Italy

child labor force in, 231–2, 231

emancipative values in, 225–7, 226, 227

Fascism of, 445, 446

homicide rates in, 169, 170

literacy in, 236

poverty and, 79

social spending in, 108

Jacobs, Alan, 283

Jainism, 23

Jamaica, homicide rates in, 172

Jamison, Dean, 67

Japan

education in, 237, 237

, 238

emancipative values in, 225–7, 226, 227

fertility rates falling in, 125

nuclear power and, 146, 147

secularization and, 436, 489n68

social spending in, 108

and World War II, 158, 161, 196, 305, 314

Jaspers, Karl, 23

Jefferson, Thomas, 27, 95, 412, 417

Jencks, Christopher, 116

Jenner, Edward, 63, 65

Jensen, Robert, 95

Jervis, Robert, 197, 311–12

Jetsons, The, 330

Jindal, Bobby, 387

Johnson, Samuel, 162

jokes, bigoted, 217–19, 218, 471n13

Jonassohn, Kurt, 160–61

Juárez, Mexico, homicide rate in, 172

Judaism

and Axial Age, 23

humanistic branches, 412

religiosity and, 440

Rosh Hashanah/Yom Kippur, 167–8

and schools, development of formal, 233

Talmudic debate, 379

See also anti-Semitism

Jussim, Lee, 373

Kahan, Dan, 154, 357–8, 360–61, 366, 381, 382–3

Kahneman, Daniel, 41, 353, 383, 404

Kahn, Herman, 309

Kaku, Michio, 308

Kalahari “Bushmen” (San people), 249, 353–4

Kant, Immanuel

and arguments for the existence of God, 421

categorical imperative of, 412

as cognitive psychologist, 392

and deontology, 416

on enlightenment, 7

and human nature, 10

and irrationality of humans, 8–9, 353, 482n6

on peace, 13–14, 162, 163

on progress, 11

Kass, Leon, 60, 389

Kazakhstan, nuclear weapons relinquished by, 313

Keith, David, 153–4

Kelley, Jonathan, 101

Kellogg-Briand (Paris Peace) pact (1928), 163–4

Kellogg, Frank, 164

Kelly, Kevin, 254, 301–2, 304, 344–5, 477n20

Kelsey, Elin, 292

Kendall, Henry, 308

Kendrick, Pearl, 64

Kennedy, John F., 31, 312, 336

Kenny, Charles, 65, 95

Kenya, 54–5, 71, 71, 436

Kepler, Johannes, 424

Keynes, John Maynard, 347, 400

Khomeini, Ayatollah, 447

Khrushchev, Nikita, 312

Kim Il-sung, 447

Kim Jong-il, 78

Kim Jong-un, 313

King, Martin Luther, Jr., 223, 405

Kingston, Maxine Hong, 284

Kinzer, Stephen, 420

Kissinger, Henry, 316

Klein, Daniel, 362–3

Klein, Naomi, 138–9

knowledge, 21, 233–46

computation and, 21

populism and disdain for, 333

Trump’s disdain for, 336

unity of, as consilience of humanities and science, 390, 406–9, 486n13

See also education; literacy; reason

Knowlton, Nancy, 122

Koch, Charles and David, 139

Korean War, 49, 157, 158, 160

Kosovo, 203

Kotler, Steven, 330

Kozol, Jonathan, 456n1

Krasnow, Max, 140

Krauss, Lawrence, 308

Kristof, Nicholas, 373

Kuhn, Thomas, 395, 486n21

Kunstler, James, 465n76

Kurzweil, Ray, 60

Kuwait, 171

conquest by Iraq (1990–91), 163

Kuznets curve

carbon emissions, 143, 143

economic inequality, 103–6, 110, 111

environmental, 124, 463n9, 463n35

Kuznets, Simon, 103, 104

Kyrgyzstan, 203

labor movement, paid vacation and, 251

Lacan, Jacques, 406

Lahiri, Jhumpa, 284

Lamarckian process, 399

Landsteiner, Karl, 64

language

communication of ideas using, 27

development of, 23

Indo-European, 398

writing, 27

Lanier, Jaron, 477n20

Lankford, Adam, 196, 198

Laplace, Pierre-Simon, 24, 298

Lasch, Christopher, 456n1

Laski, Harold, 400, 418