God's War: A New History of the Crusades

53. Mas Latrie Chronique d’Ernoul, pp. 414, 436; James of Vitry, Lettres, pp. 100, 102; Patriarch Aymar of Jerusalem’s 1199 advice to Innocent III on Damietta, Bongars, Gesta Dei Per Francos, p. 1,128.

54. For this curious incident, J. M. Powell, ‘Francesco d’Assisi e la Quinta Crociata’, Schede Medievali, 4 (1983), 68–77; Kedar, Crusade and Mission, pp. 126–31.

55. Oliver of Paderborn, p. 62.

56. The Eracles Continuation of William of Tyre, RHC Occ., ii, 329.

57. Oliver of Paderborn, pp. 80, 104; cf. p. 115 for his largesse on the advance in July 1221.

58. Epistolae selectae saeculi XIII, ed. C. Rodenberg, MGH SS, i, no. 124, pp. 89–91 dated 24 July 1220. For a tabulation of the sums received and sent, Powell, Anatomy, p. 100.

59. RHC Occ., ii, 349.

60. Oliver of Paderborn, p. 102.

61. Oliver of Paderborn, pp. 122–3; E. Blochet, ‘Extraits de l’histoire des patriarches d’Alexandrie relatifs au siège de Damiette’,

Revue de l’Orient Latin, II (1908), 260.

62. Letter trans. Peters, Christian Society, p. 141. Cf. James of Vitry, Lettres, pp. 150, 152; Oliver of Paderborn, p. 89.

63. As emphasized by Oliver of Paderborn, p. 124.

64. See the convenient table, Powell, Anatomy, p. 117 and the discussion pp. 166–72 and 187.

65. Oliver of Paderborn, pp. 107–8, perhaps somewhat ben trovato.

66. As revealed by James of Vitry, Lettres, p. 106; Oliver of Paderborn, p. 65 is modestly reticent.

67. Ibn al-Athir, Gabrieli, Arab Historians, p. 257.

68. Powell’s guess, Anatomy, p. 148.

69. Ibn al-Athir, Gabrieli, Arab Historians, pp. 257–8.

70. RHC Occ., ii, 336.

71

. Oliver of Paderborn, pp. 122, 125; Ibn al-Athir, Gabrieli, Arab Historians, p. 261.

72. Ibn al-Athir, Gabrieli, Arab Historians, pp. 257–8 and 260.

73. Ibn al-Athir, Gabrieli, Arab Historians, p. 260; Oliver of Paderborn, p. 108.

74. The gloom on the Ayyubid side is well captured by Ibn al-Athir, no friend to the dynasty, Gabrieli, Arab Historians, pp. 257–61.

75. Oliver of Paderborn, p. 114, figures based on those from the ‘estimators of the army’.

76. Oliver of Paderborn, p. 105.

77. Above note 54 and Kedar, Crusade and Mission, passim.

78. Oliver of Paderborn, pp. 85–6; Blochet, ‘Histoire des patriarches’, p. 253; Eracles, RHC Occ., ii, 341–2; James of Vitry, Lettres, pp. 124–5; Ibn al-Athir, Gabrieli, Arab Historians, p. 260. Cf. Ernoul, p. 435.

79. Ibn al-Athir, Gabrieli, Arab Historians, p. 262; Oliver of Paderborn, p. 124.

80. See the end of the first section, addressed to Cologne, finished soon after the fall of Damietta in November 1219, Oliver of Paderborn, p. 89.

81. James of Vitry, Lettres, p. 141.

82. James of Vitry, Lettres, pp. 135, 139; cf. William of Tyre, History, bk V, chap. 10.

83. For these prophetic works and the rumours of ‘David’ and ‘Prester John’, Oliver of Paderborn, pp. 89–91, 112–14; James of Vitry, Lettres, pp. 141–53; Ibn al-Athir, Gabrieli, Arab Historians, p. 260; P. Pelliot, ‘Deux passages de la La Prophétie de Hanna, fils d’Isaac’, Académie des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres, Mémoires, 44 (1951), 73–96; cf. J. Richard, ‘L’Extrème-Orient légendaire au moyen âge’, Orient et Occident (Paris 1976), no. XXVI; Mayer, Crusades, p. 226; Powell, Anatomy, pp. 178–9.

84. Ibn al-Athir, Gabrieli, Arab Historians, p. 264.

85. Richard of San Germano, Chronica, quoted by Powell, Anatomy, p. 196. For a survey of other reactions, see Siberry, Criticism of Crusading

, pp. 34–5, 85–6, 102–3, 107–8, 152–3, 165, 193.

86. John of Tubia, De Johanne Rege Ierusalem, Scriptores Minores, ed. Röhricht, pp. 138–9; Eracles, RHC Occ., ii, 346, 348–9. Oliver of Paderborn provides a highly sanitized account, pp. 95–7.

87. Oliver of Paderborn, p. 104.

88. Oliver of Paderborn, pp. 101–2, 103–4; Eracles, RHC Occ., ii, 347, 349; Ernoul, in Röhricht Testimonia Minora, 300–301.

89. Van Cleve, ‘Fifth Crusade’, pp. 422–8; Powell, Anatomy, pp. 180–91. Cf. Oliver of Paderborn, pp. 114–34, and the letters recorded by Roger of Wendover, trans. pp. 142–5; Eracles, RHC Occ. ii, 350–52; Gabrieli, Arab Historians, pp. 261–6.

90. Peters, Christian Society, p. 144; cf. a similar image Oliver of Paderborn, p. 123.

91. Oliver of Paderborn, p. 132.

92. See below pp. 745–7.

93. Tyerman, England and the Crusades, pp. 99–101.