Jerusalem: The Biography

40 JA 15.39–200. Herod, Actium and Augustus: this account of Cleopatra including the note on the fate of their children is based on Holbl 242–51; Goldsworthy 342–8; Actium 364–9; death, 378–85; Wilkinson, Egypt 506–9 Herod and Cleopatra: JA 15.88–103. Herod as best friend of Augustus and Agrippa: JA 15.361. Description of Augustus: see Suetonius. Herod and Augustus: JA 15.183–200.

41 Herod and Mariamme 37–29 BC: marriage JA 14.465. Relationship: JA 15.21–86 and 15.202–66. Kokkinos 153–63; on Salome 179–86 and 206–16. Herod as king: this account of Herod is based on JA; Kokkinos; P. Richardson, Herod the Great: King of the Jews, Friend of the Romans; Stewart Perowne, Herod the Great; Michael Grant, Herod the Great 117–44. Herod’s court: Kokkinos 143–53 and 351 – quote on Herod’s cosmopolitanism. Wives and concubines: JA 15.321–2. Kokkinos 124–43 and Herod’s education 163–73. Sartre 89–93. Schäfer 87–98. Herod’s wealth: Grant,

Herod 165. Games and theatres: JA 15.267–89. Fortressess/Sebaste/ Caesarea: JA 15.292–8; 15.323–41. Famine relief: JA 15.299–317. Citadel and Temple: JA 15.380–424.

42 Herod’s Jerusalem. Temple: JA 15.380–424 and JW 5.136–247. Bahat, Atlas 40–51. On stones/seam – Ronny Reich and Dan Bahat, conversations with author. Seam and extension of Temple Mount: Archeological Park 90. The street probably paved by Agrippa II: Archeological Park 112–13; on Vitruvius and engineering, my explanation is based on Archeological Park

29–31. Philo on Augustus’ sacrifices in Temple: Goodman 394. Trumpeting place: JW 4.12. Cathedra 1.46–80. Simon temple-builder: Grant, Herod 150. Shanks 92–100. Patrich, Sacred Esplanade 37–73. The Red Heifer: Numbers 19. Heifer: this modern research is based on Lawrence Wright, ‘Letter from Jerusalem: Forcing the End’, New Yorker, 20 July 1998.

43 Herod, Augustus/sons to Rome/many wives: JA 15.342–64; with Agrippa/ Crimea/Diaspora Jews etc: JA 16.12–65. Grant, Herod 144–50. Augustus and Agrippa sacrifices: Goodman 394; Philo, Works 27.295.

44 Herod family tragedies/Augustus’ rulings/execution of princes/four wills/last massacre and of innocents/death: JA 16.1–404 and 17.1–205. Kokkinos 153–74. Grant, Herod 211. Diagnosis of death: Philip A. Mackowiak, Post Mortem 89–100. Jesus birth, Bethlehem Massacre, King of Israel/escape to Egypt: Matthew 1, 2 and 3. Sacrifice in Temple/tax/Bethlehem/circumcision: Luke 1–2, Isaiah 7.14. Lane Fox, Unauthorized Version

, on timing of birth: 202. Brothers, sisters: Mark 6.3, Matthew 13.55, John 2.12, Acts 1.14. Speculative Cleophas theory: James D. Tabor, The Jesus Dynasty (henceforth Tabor) 86–92.

45 Varus’ war/Archelaus before Augustus and reign and downfall: JA 17.206–353. Goodman 397–401. Sartre 113–14. Archelaus: Herod of Luke 1.5. Kokkinos – on coins/using name of Herod, 226. Schäfer 105–12. Zealots founded by Judas the Galilean: JA 18.1–23. Gabriel’s Revelation: Ethan Bronner, ‘Hebrew tablet suggests tradition of resurrected messiah predates Jesus’, New York Times, 6 August 2008.

46 Jesus the life and ministry. Pinnacle of temple: Matthew 5.5. Aged twelve in Temple: Luke 2.39–51. Herod Antipas threat to Jesus/Pharisees/the hens/prophet outside Jerusalem: Luke 13.31–5. (Matthew’s version of the same speech is set in the Temple during Jesus’ last visit: Matthew 23.37.) Destruction of Jerusalem and armies foreseen: Luke 22.20–4. Jesus, John resurrected – Herod: Mark 6.14. I beheaded John, but reborn: Luke 9.7–9. Visit to high mountain and meeting with Moses and Elias (similarity to Muhammad’s Night Journey): Mark 9.1–5. Vision of King of Heaven: Matthew 24.3–25.46. Repent Kingdom of Heaven coming: Matthew 5.17. Blessed be the poor: Matthew 5.3. Not destroy law: Matthew 5.17. Exceed righteous Pharisees: Matthew 5.20. Let dead bury dead: Matthew 8.22. Apocalyptic sword and vision of Judgement Day: Matthew 10.21–32. Gnashing of teeth and furnace: Matthew 13.41–58. Son of Man and glory: Matthew 20.28. Must go to Jerusalem: Matthew 16.21. Nations judged: Matthew 25.31–4. Life eternal for righteous: Matthew 25.41 and 25.46. Elite followers, Joanna, wife of Herod’s steward: Luke 8.3. City of great king: Matthew 5.35. Earlier visits to Temple/early version of cleansing of Temple: John 2.13–24.

Son of Man: Daniel 7.13. Vision of Kingdom of Heaven, End of Days, Son of Man, be ready: Matthew 24.2–25.46. Early visits to Jerusalem and escapes from stoning: John 7, 8, 10.22.

Jesus and John the Baptist – same message, repentance/Kingdom of Heaven: Matthew 3.2 and 5.17. John the Baptist, birth: Luke 1.5–80. Mary visits John’s parents: Luke 1.39–41. John denounces Herod and Herodias: Luke 3.15–20.