The End: The Defiance and Destruction of Hitler’s Germany, 1944–1945

Mortain 55–6

Mosel river 254, 255, 260, 262

Mülheim 297

Müller, General Friedrich-Wilhelm 203

Munich 162, 317, 343

Allied bombing 236, 238

Paul Giesler as Gauleiter 214, 344

Münster 227

Murr, Wilhelm (Gauleiter of Württemberg) 278, 325

Mussolini, Benito 7

deposition of (July 1943) 13, 47, 296, 364, 399

see also Italy

Musy, Jean-Marie, Himmler’s attempted deal with, to exchange Jews for cash 229–30

Mutschmann, Martin (Gauleiter of Saxony) 125, 237

Narev river 169

National-Zeitung (newspaper) 89

von Natzmer, Lieutenant-General Oldwig 369, 374

Naumann, Werner 75

Nazi atrocities 98, 107, 117, 121, 124, 155–6, 176, 331–6, 394

committed by German troops 98, 107, 112

in Poland 123, 174, 251

post-capitulation attempts to deny responsibility for 380

see also terror tactics

Nazi Party (Nationalsozialistiche Deutsche Arbeiterpartei) (NSDAP) 6, 119, 161–4

in Austria 317–18

Bormann as administrative head 20–22, 40, 41, 42, 53, 75, 162, 215–16, 217–18, 319, 321, 392

civilian population, control of 83–4, 88, 91, 96, 98, 105–6, 142, 145–6, 162–3, 180, 206, 207–8, 392–3; see also administrative systems

civilian population’s support for 9, 10, 73–4, 207–8, 209, 210, 212–13, 239–40, 258–60, 261, 273–6, 389; decline in 64–5, 68, 101, 104, 105, 107, 126–7, 150–51, 163, 190, 193–4, 195, 209, 213–14, 215–22, 258, 261, 312–13, 315, 389–90; post-capitulation attitudes to 380; see also opposition to below

Dönitz administration and 360

execution of members of, in Bromberg 216–17

German Army’s hostility towards 214, 261, 312

German resistance to 149

the Goldfasane (Golden Pheasants) 64, 318–19

Greiser affair and 215–16

leadership 11, 20, 51–3, 134, 216–22, 277, 321–9, 342–3; fragmentation of 280–92, 294–5, 317–18, 336–42; Hitler, support for 20, 51–3, 144–5, 278–9; negotiated peace, search for 280–86; see also individual names

Robert Ley as Party Organization Leader 51

loyalty rallies 31

membership 73, 74

opposition to 14, 20, 64, 74, 104, 105, 107, 310, 380–82; see also civilian population’s support for above

organizational structure 72–3

post-capitulation: arrests among 380; de-Nazification process 380; dissolution of 319; suicide by members of 355–6, 357

power held by 11, 21–2, 41, 42–4, 73–5, 101, 276–9, 391, 392–3

power struggles within 38–44, 76–9, 83, 89, 90, 323

in pre-war Germany 11, 13, 21

propaganda see propaganda

religion, attitude to 21

terror tactics 3–4, 5, 8–9, 10, 14, 37, 84, 162, 207–8, 216–25, 273, 296, 318, 321–9, 391–2, 393

Völkischer Beobachter (Party newspaper) 6, 115, 186, 188, 345

Wehrmacht and 45–51, 52, 70, 71, 90, 268

see also Hitler, Adolf

negotiated peace, support/search for 6–7, 12, 15, 18, 27, 55, 87, 280–86, 291–2, 336, 352, 387, 396–7

Neiße river 252, 301, 302

Nemmersdorf 110, 111, 173

Red Army atrocities committed in 110, 111, 112–14, 176, 394; Nazi propaganda based on 114–17, 120, 122

Netherlands 130, 131, 256, 263, 299, 328, 366–7

Blaskowitz as C-in-C 362, 363

Dönitz as Reich President and 362–3

Dutch Underground Movement 362

Seyß-Inquart as Reich Commissar 258; Allied negotiations with 358–9, 363

Wehrmacht flooding of coastal areas 362

Neuengamme concentration camp 330, 331–2, 333

Neumann, Balthasar 238

von Neurath, Konstantin 360

newspapers see individual titles; press/media

Nijmegen 58, 254

Nogat river 174

North Sea 299

see also Baltic area

Norway 120, 299, 338

German occupation 366, 367; Lindemann as C-in-C 367

NSDAP see Nazi Party

NSFOs (Nationalsozialistischer Führungsoffizier) (National Socialist Leadership Officers) 46–7, 50, 52, 69, 91, 1–1, 140, 205, 211–12, 313, 327, 394

‘Guidelines for’ 47

Reinecke as head of army NSFOs 68

NSV (Nationalsozialistische Volkswohlfahrt)

(Welfare Organization) 32, 74, 76, 148, 163, 177, 183, 277

see also welfare provision

Nuremberg 24, 300

Allied bombing 189, 236

American capture of 300, 319–20

Oder river 167, 168, 173, 174, 176, 181, 188, 204, 212, 247, 250, 251–2, 256, 268, 270–71, 301, 302

German defence of 288–9

Ohlendorf, Otto 359

Ohnesorge, Wilhelm (Reich Post Minister) 275

oil supplies see

fuel supplies

OKH (Oberkommando des Heeres) (Army High Command) 169–70, 197, 198, 199–200

see also German Army, leadership

OKW see Wehrmacht High Command

Operation Bagration 17, 92–6

Operation Barbarossa (June 1941) see Soviet Union, German invasion of

Operation Cobra 55

Operation Goodwood 52

Operation Market Garden 58, 388

Oppenheim 255

Oppenhoff, Franz (American-appointed Mayor of Aachen) 279

Oradour-sur-Glane, Waffen-SS atrocities committed in (June 1944) 121

Organisation Todt (OT) 37, 102, 143, 184

Oshima, Hiroshi (Japanese ambassador to Germany) 163

OSS (Office of Strategic Services) (US secret service) 285, 363

Oster, Colonel Hans 328

Ostpreußen (ice-breaker) 319

Ostwall (Eastern Wall) 101–5

von Oven, Wilfred 40, 147, 243

Palmnicken massacre (January 1945) 184–6, 234

Panzer Division Kurmark 251

see also 116th Panzer Division