The Invention of Nature

‘No one was more isolated’: Goethe, 1791, quoted in Safranski 2011, p.103.

28

‘the great Mother’: Goethe, ibid., p.106.

29

Goethe’s house and garden: Klauss 1991; Ehrlich 1983; Goethe’s Day 1982–96, vol.3, pp.295–6

30

‘was getting tired’: Goethe to Johannn Peter Eckermann, 12 May 1825, Goethe Eckermann 1999, p.158.

31

‘most melancholic mood’: Goethe, 1794, Goethe’s Year 1994, p.26.

32

lived like hermit: Goethe, 1790, ibid., p.19.

33

‘plank in a shipwreck’: Goethe, 1793, ibid., p.25.

34

18,000 specimens: Ehrlich 1983, p.7.

35

Metamorphosis of Plants

: Goethe,

Versuch die Metamorphose der Pflanzen zu erklären

, 1790.

36

‘Forwards and backwards’: Goethe,

Italienische Reise

, Goethe 1967, vol.11, p.375.

37

AH ignited Goethe’s interest: Goethe to Karl Ludwig von Knebel, 28 March 1797, Goethe Correspondence 1968–76, vol.2, pp.260–61.

38

Goethe and

urform

: Richards 2002, p.445ff.; Goethe in 1790, Goethe’s Year 1994, p.20.

39

AH proposed to publish: Goethe, 1795, Goethe Encounters 1965–2000, vol.4, p.122.

40

Goethe dictated: Goethe to Jacobi, 2 February 1795, Goethe Correspondence 1968–76, vol.2, p.194; Goethe Encounters 1965–2000, vol.4, p.122.

41

‘That’s how I walk’: Karl August Böttiger about Goethe, January 1795, Goethe Encounters 1965–2000, vol.4, p.123.

42

AH’s visits to Jena and Weimar: 6–10 March 1794, 15–16 April 1794, 14–19 December 1794, 16–20 April 1795, 13 January 1797, 1 March–30 May 1797.

43

‘early morning corrected’: Goethe, 9 March 1797, Goethe Diary 1998–2007, vol.2, pt.1, p.100.

44

‘whipped the scientific: Goethe to Karl Ludwig von Knebel, 28 March 1797, Goethe Correspondence 1968–76, vol.2, pp.260–61.

45

Goethe in Jena spring 1797: Goethe stayed until 31 March 1797; see his diary and letters from that time, Goethe Encounters 1965–2000, p.288ff.; Goethe, March–May 1797, Goethe Diary 1998–2007, vol.2, pt.1, pp.99–115; Goethe’s Year 1994, pp.58–9.

46

trying to finish his book: Humboldt’s

Versuch über die gereizte Muskel- und Nervenfaser

(

Experiment on the Stimulated Muscle and Nerve Fibre

); AH to Carl Freiesleben, 18 April 1797, AH to Friedrich Schuckmann, 14 May 1797, AH Letters 1973, pp.574, 579.

47

AH’s work in Jena: AH to Carl Freiesleben, 18 April 1797, AH to Friedrich Schuckmann, 14 May 1797, AH Letters 1973, pp.574, 579.

48

AH’s lectures on galvanism: Goethe, 3, 5, 6 March 1797, Goethe Diary 1998–2007, vol.2, pt.1, p.99.

49

‘pierced by shotgun’: AH to Friedrich Schuckmann, 14 May 1797, AH Letters 1973, p.580.

50

‘I cannot exist without’: Ibid., p.579.

51

AH’s favourite experiment: AH,

Versuch über die gereizte Muskel- und Nervenfaser

, 1797, vol.1, p.76ff.

52

‘breathing life into it’: Ibid.,p.79.

53

‘neither matter nor force’: Goethe,

Erster Entwurf einer Allgemeinen Einleitung in die Vergleichende Anatomie

, 1795, p.18.

54

Goethe and organism: Richards 2002, p.450ff.; see also Immanuel Kant,

Kritik der Urteilskraft

, Kant 1957, vol.5, p.488.

55

Goethe captivated: Goethe to Karl Ludwig von Knebel, 28 March 1797, Goethe Correspondence 1968–76, vol.2, pp.260–61.

56

Goethe’s work in 1797: Goethe 1797, Goethe’s Year 1994, p.59; Goethe, March–May 1797, Goethe Diary 1998–2007, vol.2, pt.1, pp.99–115.

57

‘Our little academy’: Goethe to Karl August, 14 March 1797, Goethe Encounters 1965–2000, vol.4, p.291.

58

WH, Aeschylus and Goethe: 27 March 1797, Goethe Diary 1998–2007, vol.2, pt.1, p.103.

59

optical apparatus with AH: Goethe, 19 and 27 March 1797, ibid., pp.102–3.

60

investigated phosphor with AH: Goethe, 20 March 1797, ibid., p.102.

61

friends meeting in Jena: Goethe, 25 March 1797, ibid., p.102.

62

to Weimar ‘to recover’: Goethe to Karl Ludwig von Knebel, 28 March 1797, Goethe Correspondence 1968–76, vol.2, p.260.

63

woken from hibernation: Goethe to Friedrich Schiller, 26 April 1797, Schiller and Goethe 1856, vol.1, p.301.

64

Schiller worried about Goethe: Biermann 1990b, pp.36–7.

65

‘poverty of meaning’: Friedrich Schiller to Christian Gottfried Körner, 6 August 1797; Christian Gottfried Körner to Friedrich Schiller, 25 August 1797, Schiller and Körner 1847, vol.4, pp.47, 49.

66

Goethe invited AH: Goethe to AH, 14 April 1797, AH Letters 1973, p.573; for AH’s visit see Goethe, 19–24 April 1797, Goethe Diary 1998–2007, vol.2, pt.1, p.106; AH to Johannes Fischer, 27 April 1797, Goethe Encounters 1965–2000, vol.4, p.306.

67

Goethe in Jena: Goethe, 25, 29–30 April, 19–30 May 1797, Goethe Diary 1998–2007, vol.2, pt.1, pp.107, 109, 115.

68

AH and Goethe at Schiller’s Garden House: Goethe, 19, 25, 26, 29, 30 May 1797, Goethe Diary 1998–2007, vol.2, pt.1, pp.109, 112, 113, 115.

69

stone table: Goethe to Johannn Peter Eckermann, 8 October 1827, Goethe Eckermann 1999, p.672.

70