The Invention of Nature

Jefferson’s Cabinet meeting: Jefferson to James Madison 4 July 1804 and Jefferson to Albert Gallatin, 3 July 1804, Madison Papers SS, vol.7, p.421.

64

‘best air of all is’: AH to Albert Gallatin, 20 June 1804; see also AH to Jefferson, 27 June 1804, Terra 1959, pp.789, 801.

65

this ‘beautiful land’: AH to James Madison, 21 June 1804, ibid., p.796.

66

‘either by violence’: AH Personal Narrative 1814–29, vol.3, p.2.

67

‘human machine’: AH, 7 August–10 September 1803, Guanajuato, Mexico, AH Diary 1982, p.211.

68

AH on

repartimiento

: AH, 9–12 September 1802, Hualgayoc, Peru, ibid., p.208.

69

‘fell from the sky’: AH, February 1802, Quito, ibid., p.106.

70

’based on ‘immorality’: AH, 23 October–24 December 1802, Lima, Peru, ibid., p.232.

71

‘slightly raked to’: AH Personal Narrative 1814–29, vol.3, p.79.

72

‘impoverishes the soil’: Ibid., vol.4, p.120.

73

‘like a mine’ and AH’s prediction: AH, 22 February 1800, AH Diary 2000, pp.208–9.

74

deforestation Cuba: AH Cuba 2011, p.115; AH Personal Narrative 1814–29, vol.7, p.201.

75

‘those vegetables which’: AH New Spain 1811, vol.3, p.105; see also AH Personal Narrative 1814–29, vol.7, p.161; AH Cuba 2011, p.95.

76

‘island would starve’: AH, 23 June–8 July 1801, AH Diary 2003, vol.1, p.87.

77

subsistence farming: AH Personal Narrative 1814–29, vol.7, p.161; AH Cuba 2011, p.95; AH New Spain 1811, vol.3, p.105.

78

‘very tight wall’: AH, 30 March 1800, AH Diary 2000, p.238.

79

irrigations system Mexico City: AH, 1–2 August 1803, AH Diary 2003, vol.2, pp.253–7.

80

water engineers and follies: AH, 30 March 1800, AH Diary 2000, p.238.

81

‘The only capital’: AH New Spain 1811, vol.3, p.454.

82

‘imprudent activities’: AH Personal Narrative 1814–29, vol.7, p.236.

83

‘I think our governments’: Jefferson to James Madison, 20 December 1787, TJ Papers, vol.12, p.442.

84

‘millions yet unborn’: Jefferson to Representatives of the Territory of Indiana, 28 December 1805, DLC.

85

Jefferson experiments in agriculture: Wulf 2011, pp.113–20; see also for crop rotation: Jefferson to George Washington, 12 September 1795, TJ Papers, vol.28, pp.464–5; 19 June 1796, TJ Papers, vol.29, pp.128–9; for mould board plough: TJ to John Sinclair, 23 March 1798, TJ Papers, vol. 30, p.202; Thomson 2012, pp.171–2.

86

‘I expect every day’: Jefferson to James Madison, 19 May, 9 June, 1 September 1793, TJ Papers, vol.26, pp.62, 241, vol.27, p.7.

87

‘greatest service which’: Jefferson, Summary of Public Service, after 2 September 1800, ibid., vol. 32, p.124.

88

Jefferson and plants: For upland rice, see Wulf 2011, p.70; Jefferson to Edward Rutledge, 14 July 1787, TJ Papers, vol.11, p.587; for death penalty, see Jefferson to John Jay, 4 May 1787, TJ Papers, vol.11, p.339; for sugar maple orchards, see Wulf 2011, p.94ff.; for 330 varieties of vegetables, see Hatch 2012, p.4.

89

‘the true representatives’: Jefferson to Arthur Campbell, 1 September 1797, TJ Papers, vol.29, p.522.

90

‘have no country’: Jefferson to Horatio Gates Spafford, 17 March 1814, TJ RS Papers, vol.7, p.248; Jefferson on ownership of land and morals, see Jefferson 1982, p.165.

91

‘The small landholders’: Jefferson to Madison, 28 October 1785, TJ Papers, vol.8, p.682.

92

50 acres for each free man: Jefferson’s draft for the Virginia constitution, before 13 June 1776 (all three drafts included this provision), TJ Papers, vol.1, p.337ff.

93

‘the more free’: Madison, ‘Republican Distribution of Citizens’,

National Gazette

, 2 March 1792.

94

‘sentiment of liberty’: AH Personal Narrative 1814–29, vol.3, p.15.

95

AH and immorality of slavery: AH Geography 2009, p.134; AH Geography 1807, p.171; see also AH Cuba 2012, p.142ff.; AH Personal Narrative 1814–29, vol.7, p.260ff.

96

‘every drop of sugarcane’: AH, 23 June–8 July 1801, AH Diary 2003, vol.1, p.87.

97

‘call their civilization’: AH Personal Narrative 1814–29, vol.1, p.127.

98

‘thirst for wealth’: Ibid., vol.3, p.3.

99

Jefferson carried on pillow: Wulf 2011, p.41.

100 ‘absolutely incorruptible’: Jefferson to Edward Bancroft, 26 January 1789, TJ Papers, vol.14, p.492.

101 ‘the greatest evil’: AH Cuba 2011, p.144; AH Personal Narrative 1814–29, vol.7, p.263.

102 ‘disgrace’ and ‘according to the value’: AH to William Thornton, 20 June 1804, AH Letters America 1993, pp.199–200.

103 ‘if it was more pleasant’: AH, 4 Jan–17 February, ‘Colonies’, AH Diary 1982, p.66.

104 treatment of slaves: AH, 9–10 June 1800, ibid., p.255.

105 kitchen boy’s testicles: AH, Lima 23 October–24 December 1802, fragment titled ‘Missions’, ibid., p.145.

106 parcelling up land in small farms: AH Personal Narrative 1814–29, vol.4, pp.126–7; see for farms between Honda and Bogotá, AH, 23 June–8 July 1801, AH Diary 2003, vol.1, p.87.

107 ‘I love to dwell’: AH Personal Narrative 1814–29, vol.4, p.128.

108 ‘what is against nature’: AH, 23 June–8 July 1801, AH Diary 2003, vol.1, p.87.

109 ‘inferior to the whites’: Jefferson 1982, p.143.