The Invention of Nature

Louis XVI, King of France: executed

Louis XVIII, King of France

Louis Philippe, King of France

Lovelock, James

Lyell, Sir Charles, 14.1, 14.2, 17.1, 18.1, 18.2, 20.1, 20.2; Principles of Geology, 14.3, 17.2, 17.3

Madison, Dolley

Madison, James, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 11.1, 12.1, 12.2, 20.1, 21.1

Magdalena, Río, 6.1, 12.1, 12.2

‘Magnetic Crusade’, 16.1, 18.1

magnetic field (earth’s); see also geomagnetism

Mahmud II, Ottoman sultan

Malthus, Thomas: Essay on the Principle of Population

Marsh, Caroline, 21.1, 21.2

Marsh, George Perkins: background and career, 21.1; as Germanophile, 21.2; reads AH, 21.3; languages, 21.4; on AH, 21.5; helps establish Smithsonian, 21.6; political career, 21.7; married life, 21.8, 21.9; appointed Minister to Turkey, 21.10; travels in Egypt and Middle East, 21.11; on comparison between Old and New Worlds, 21.12, 21.13; on damage from agriculture, 14.1, 21.14; on environmental destruction and conservation, 21.15, 21.16, 23.1, 23.2; on deforestation, 21.17, 21.18; AH’s influence on, 21.19, 21.20, 21.21; financial problems, 21.22; appointed ambassador to Italy, 21.23; and American Civil War, 21.24; vision of future of earth, 21.25; and Old World’s lessons from New, 21.26; Man and Nature, prl.1, 21.27, 21.28, 22.1, 23.3

Mauritia Palm (Mauritia flexuosa)

Mendelssohn Bartholdy, Fanny

Mérida (Venezuela)

Metternich, Prince Klemens Lothar Wenzel, 15.1, 18.1, 20.1

Mexico: AH visits, 7.1, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3; archives, 8.4; AH threatens to settle in, 14.1; requests AH’s help in negotiating trade agreement with Europe, 15.1; war with USA, 19.1, 20.1; concedes territories to USA, 19.2

Missouri Compromise (1820)

Monge, Gaspard

Mongolia

monism

monoculture

Montesquieu, Charles-Louis de Secondat, Baron de

Monticello (Virginia), 8.1, 8.2

Montúfar, Carlos, 6.1, 7.1, 8.1, 8.2, 9.1, 9.2

Montúfar, Rosa

Morse, Samuel

Moscow

mosquitoes, 5.1, 5.2, 16.1

Muir, Daniel, 23.1, 23.2

Muir, Helen

Muir, John: affinity with nature, prl.1, 23.1, 23.2; reads Marsh’s Man and Nature, 21.1; appearance, 23.3; background and career, 23.4; travels, 23.5, 23.6, 23.7; thousand-mile walk to Florida, 23.8, 23.9; family moves to USA, 23.10; friendship with Jeanne Carr, 23.11, 23.12, 23.13; in Canada, 23.14; injures eyes, 23.15; in Cuba, 23.16; in California (Yosemite Valley), 23.17; on glaciers, 23.18; reads and marks AH’s books, 23.19, 23.20; on plant distribution, 23.21; Emerson visits, 23.22; campaigns for protection of nature, 23.23; writings, 23.24, 23.25; talk, 23.26; marriage, 23.27; as ranch manager, 23.28; father disapproves of writings, 23.29; accompanies Theodore Roosevelt to Yosemite, 23.30; defends Hetch Hetchy Valley, 23.31; praises AH, 23.32; visits South America, 23.33; My First Summer in the Sierra, 23.34, 23.35

Muir, Louie (née Strentzel)

Müller, Johannes

Murchison, Sir Roderick

Murray, John (publisher), 13.1, 13.2, 18.1

Mutis, José Celestino, 6.1, 14.1

Napoleon I (Bonaparte), Emperor of the French: sells North American territories to USA, 8.1; coronation and rule, 9.1, 9.2; military victories, 9.3, 11.1; disparages Friedrich Wilhelm III, 10.1; creates Confederation of the Rhine, 10.2; enters Berlin, 10.3; hostility to AH, 11.2; reads AH’s books, 11.3; defeat in Russia, 11.4; banished, 11.5, 13.1, 14.1

Napoleonic Wars, 2.1, 3.1, 6.1, 8.1, 10.1, 11.1, 12.1, 15.1

Nash, John

natural selection: theory of; see also evolution

Naturaliste (ship)

nature: AH’s understanding of as organism, prl.1, prl.2, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 10.1, 10.2, 13.1, 13.2, 15.1, 16.1; Muir’s affinity with, prl.3, 23.1, 23.2; control of, 1.1; Goethe on unity of, 2.4, 2.5; and food chain, 5.1; and freedom, 8.1; and AH’s Essay on the Geography of Plants, 10.3; Schelling on philosophy of, 10.4; AH writes on, 10.5; Bolívar’s fondness for, 12.1, 12.2, 12.3; Coleridge and Wordsworth on, 13.3; and predation, 17.1; described in Cosmos, 18.1; Thoreau’s affinity with, 19.1, 19.2, 19.3, 19.4; Marsh on human effects on, 21.1; Haeckel on unity of, 22.1; Muir on interconnectedness, 23.3, 23.4; Muir campaigns for protection of, 23.5

Naturgemälde: AH’s notion of, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 10.1, 10.2, 10.3, 13.1, 14.1, 15.1, 19.1, 23.1

Negro, Rio, 5.1, 5.2

Neptunists, 6.1, 15.1

New York Times

Newton, Sir Isaac, prl.1, 1.1, 1.2; Opticks

, 2.1

Nicholas I, Tsar of Russia, 15.1, 16.1, 16.2, 16.3

Nile, River

Obi River (Russia), 16.1, 18.1

O’Leary, General Daniel

On the Isothermal Lines and the Distribution of Heat on the Earth (AH)

Orinoco, River (South America), 4.1, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 10.1, 17.1

Oskemen (Kazakhstan)

Ottoman Empire: war with Russia (1828), 16.1, 16.2

Páez, José Antonio

Panama: AH proposes canal, 20.1, 23.1

Paraguay