Английский язык

ядерные испытания, по официальным данным, значительная часть территории, тяжелые металлы, ядовитые газы, превышает допустимый уровень, местные ученые, местные жители, неизлечимая болезнь, необходимые лекарства.

3. Make the following sentences negative:

1) Nuclear testing took place in Western and Eastern Kazakhstan.

2) Military testing polygons have been operating for more than 45 years.

3) Thirty tons of highly toxic chemicals were released into the atmosphere.

4) A significant part of the territory are polluted with heavy metals and other materials.

5) Disease and mortality rates are high in this region.

6) Radioactive gas from the underground cavity leaked into the atmosphere.

7) A significant portion of the territory has been contaminated with highly toxic missile fuel.

8) A large salt lake was used as a storage facility for poisonous substances.

9) Rates of disease are increasing.

10) The residents are socially protected.

4. Read the following sentences and point out the subject and the predicate in each of them:

1) The environment of Kazakhstan has been devastated by nuclear polygons.

2) Twenty nine explosions occurred over this time period.

3) A great number of missiles have been tested here.

4) Highly toxic materials have been identified on a significant portion of the territory.

5) Studies by local scientists have shown massive lake contaminations.

6) The district's ground water has been contaminated.

7) A new incurable disease is increasing.

5. Answer the questions:

1) What are the territory of the nuclear polygons polluted with?

2) What toxic substances can be observed throughout the region's food chain?

3) What is geptil?

4) What can you say about the water from the wells on the territory of the polygons?

5) Why is the health of Azgir residents worse than average in Kazakhstan?

6) What new disease is increasing on the territory of the polygon?

6. Copy out of each paragraph the sentences containing the most important information.

7. Read the text again and write a brief summary of it.

UNIT IX

New words and expressions:

inland – внутренний

recent – недавний, современный

stage – стадия, период, этап

reduce – уменьшать, сокращать

oscillate – колебаться

range – диапазон, предел, хребет

sediment – осадок

submarine – подводный

weak – слабый

draw off (drew, drawn) – тянуть, извлекать, отводить

accident – случай, катастрофа, авария

film – пленка

seaweed – морская водоросль

heal – излечивать, исцелять

thence – оттуда, из этого

onslaught – натиск, атака.

dump – свалка. сваливать

average – средний

evaporate – испарять

store – хранить

penetrate – проникать

salinity – соленость

migratory – блуждающий

Read the international words and give their Russian equivalents:

reservoir, base, accident, transportation, ton, product, film, block, passage, photosynthesis, migratory, company, exploit, guarantee, technology, operation, limit, complex, major, system, problem, organism, regenerate, calculate, cooperate.

THE CASPIAN SEA

The Caspian Sea is the largest inland sea of the world. The basin of the Caspian Sea gas undergone several transformations in recent geologic periods, it was once joined to the Black Sea in the West and the Aral Sea in the East. At another stage its area was reduced to that of its present section. During the last one hundred years the level of the sea has been oscillating within the range of about four feet.

With respect to depth, the Caspian forms three sections. The northernmost and the shallowest is being gradually filled by sediments of the Volga River. Its average depth is 16 feet. The middle and southern sections are two deep basins separated by a submarine range. The middle portion reaches a depth of 2 590 feet, and the southernmost, 3 200 feet. The salinity of the sea is relatively weak. This is due largely to the action of the Kara-Bogas-Gol, which acts as a natural evaporating basin drawing off the water of the Caspian and depositing salt along its shores.

The Caspian Sea is bordered by five countries: Azerbaijan, Iran, Kazakhstan, Russia and Turkmenistan. The fate of the sea was decided in the mid-20 th century when Azerbaijan had to choose whether to base its economy on developing the oilfields on the sea floor or on the valuable fish found in its waters. The country chose oil and thus brought upon itself the ills it now faces.