Europe's inner demons

Hansen, Quellen. J. Hansen, Quellen und Untersuchungen zur Geschichte des Hexenwahns und der Hexenverfolgung im Mittelalter, Bonn, 1901.

Hansen, Zauberwahn. J. Hansen, Zauberwahn, Inquisition und Hexenprozess im Mittelalter und die Entstehung der grossen Hexenverfolgung, Munich and Leipzig, 1900.

MGSS. Monumenta Germaniae historica, Scriptores, ed. G. H. Pertz et al., Hanover and Berlin, 1826 ff.

MGH, Leges. Monumenta Germaniae historica, Leges, Hanover and Leipzig, 1835 ff.

Pat. graec., Pat lat. Patrologiae cursus completus, Series graeca, Series latina, ed. J. P. Migne, Paris, 1857-66.

In the case of well-known works by ancient or medieval writers, particular editions are specified only where this is required for ease of reference.

CHAPTER ONE: PRELUDE IN ANTIQUITY

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1 Minucius Felix, Octavius, cap. ix and x; cf. cap. xxvii, xxx, xxxi, where the Christian rebuts these accusations.

2 Tertullian, Apologeticum, cap. xvi.

3 Ibid., cap. viii.

4 Pliny the Younger, Epistola x, 96-7.

5 Tatian, Oratio ad Graecos, xxv, 3.

6 Justin, Apologia II, 12.

7 Justin, Dialogus cum Tryphone Judaeo, cap. x, 1.

8 Athenagoras, Legatio pro Christianis, iii, 34-5.

9 For these accusations against Christians: J. P. Waltzing, “Le crime rituel reproché aux chrétiens du 2^e siècle”, in Académie Royale de Belgique, Bulletin de la Classe des Lettres…, series 5, vol. 10, Brussels, 1924, pp. 205-39; F. J. Dölger, Antike und Christentum, vol. 4, Münster i.W., 1924, pp. 187–228: “Sacramentum infanticidii”.

10 On this persecution, see Eusebius, Historia Ecclesiastica, ed. Kirsopp Lake, lib. V, cap. i, 1. For a penetrating recent account: W. H. C. Frend, Martyrdom and Persecution in the Early Church

, Oxford, 1965, chapter 1.

11 Eusebius, Historia Ecclesiastica, lib. V, cap. i.

12 Frend, op. cit., p. 5; J. Vogt, “Zur Religiosität der Christenverfolger im römischen Reich”, in Sitzungsberichte der Heidelberger Akademie der Wissenschaften, Philosophisch-historische Klasse, Jahrgang 1962, pp. 7-30.

13 Frend, op. cit., pp. 7, 10.

14 Eusebius, loc. cit., para 52.

15 Ibid., para 26.

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16 On this fantasy: A.Jacoby, ‘‘Der angebliche Eselskult der Juden und Christen”, in Archiv für Religionswissenschaft, vol. 25, Leipzig and Berlin, 1927, pp. 26582; and E. Bickermann, “Ritualmord und Eselskult”, in Monatschrift für Geschichte und Wissenschaft des Judentums, Dresden, 71 Jahrgang, 1927, pp. 171-87, 255-64.

17 Apion’s stories are preserved in the answer of the Jew Josephus: Contra Apionem, cap. ii, 9.

18 Epiphanius, Panarion, xxvi, 12.

19 Sallust, Catilina, xx.

20 Dio Cassius, Romaika (History of Rome), lib. XXXVII, 30.

21 Ibid., lib. LXXI, 4.

22 Plutarch’s Lives: Poplicola, iv.

23 Polyaenus, Strategica, VI, 7, 2.

24 Josephus, Contra Apionem, 91-6.

25 I Corinthians 11: 23-5.

26 Concil. Trident., Sessio xiii, Canon 2.

27 Tertullian, De Corona, cap. iii (Pat. lat. vol. 2, col. 80; and cf. Ibid., Note (j)).

28 Tertullian, Liber II ad uxorem, cap. iv and v (Pat. lat

., vol. 1, cols. 1294-7).

29 John 6:53.

30 Justin, Apologia I, 26.

31 Irenaeus, Adversus Haereses, lib. I, cap. xxv, 3, 4; cf. lib. I, cap. xxcii, 2.

32 Clement of Alexandria, Stromateis, lib. III, cap. ii; cf. lib. III, cap. iv.

33 On the Agape: H. Lietzmann, Mass and the Lord's Supper, trans. D. H. G. Reeve, Lieden, 1954, etc.; B. Reicke, Diakonie, Festfreude und Zelos in Verbindung mit der altchristlichen Agapenfeier, Uppsala and Wiesbaden, 1951. (Uppsala Universitets Årsskrit, 1951, No. 5.)

34 Ethiopic translation of the Church Order of Hippolytus, summarized in Lietzmann, op. cit., p. 163

35 Livy, Ab urbe condita, lib. XXXIX, cap. viii-xix. For a recent account: Frend, op. cit., pp. 109-12.

36 Livy, loc. cit., cap. viii, 5–7; cap. xiii, 11–12 (trans. E. T. Sage).

37 Ibid., cap. xvi, 3–7 (trans. E. T. Sage).