Europe's inner demons

38 For the following see Frend, op. cit., passim.; cf. G. E. M. de Ste Croix, “Why were the Christians persecuted?”, in Past and Present, London, No. 26 (November 1963), pp. 6-38 (esp. pp. 24–31); and J. Vogt, “Zur Religiosität der Christenverfolger in römischen Reich”, in Sitzungsberichte der Heidelberger Akademie dcr IVissenschaften, Philosophisch-historische Klasse, Jahrgang 1962, pp. 7-20.

39 Tertullian, Apologeticum, cap. xl, 1–2.

CHAPTER TWO: THE DEMONIZATION OF MEDIEVAL HERETICS (1)

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1 Philastrius, Diversarum hereseon, xlix, 3.

2 Epiphanius, Panarion

, xlviii, 4.

3 Augustine, De haeresibus, xxvi.

4 Theodoret, Haereticarum fabularum compendium, iii, 2.

5 e.g. Jerome, Epistola xli, 4.

6 Augustine, De moribus Ecclesiae Catholicae et de moribus Manichaeorum, lib. II, cap. vii.

7 Text, in Latin translation, in F. C. Conybeare, The Key of Truth, a manual of the Paulician Church in Armenia, Oxford, 1899, pp. 152-4.

8 Michael Psellos, Peri energeias daimonon, cap. v (Pat. graec., vol. 122, cols. 831-3). Cf. K. Svoboda, La démonologie de Michel Psellos, Brno, 1927 (esp. pp. 47-8).

9 Adhémar de Chabannes, Historia Francorum

, lib. III, cap. 59 (MGSS vol. IV, P.143).

10 Paul, monk of Saint-Père of Chartres, Liber Aganonis, in Cartulaire de l'abbaye de Saint-Père de Chartres, ed. M. Guérard, vol. I, Paris, 1840, p. 112. Modern scholars, relying on the eighteenth-century edition of the Liber Aganonis in Bouquet, vol. X, have commonly regarded the document containing the first real sabbat-story as contemporary with the events at Orléans, i.e. as dating from around 1022. But this is a mistake; see Guérard’s introduction, p. cclxxvi, Note 2.

11 Walter Map, De nugis curialium, Distinctio I, cap. xxx (Camden Society, vol. 50, London, 1850, p. 61).

12 Alain de Lille, De fide catholica contra haereticos sui temporis, lib. I, cap. Ixiii (Pat. lat. vol. 210, col. 366). Map may well have heard the story from Alain de Lille, for both men were at the Lateran Council in Rome in 1179. The derivation of “Cathar” from cattus was widely accepted; for an example see I. von Döllinger, Beiträge zur Sektengeschichte, vol. II, Munich, 1890, p. 293.

13 Gulielmus Alvernus, Tractatus de legibus, cap. xxvi, in Opera Omnia, Orléans 1674, vol. I, p. 83.

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14 On Conrad of Marburg and his activities: Gesta Treverorum, Continuatio IV, in MGSS vol. XXIV, pp. 400—2; Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium, in MGSS vol. XXIII, pp. 931-2; Annales Wormatienses, in MGSS vol. XVII, p.s 39. For a good modern account: P. Braun, “Der Beichtvater der heiligen Elisabeth und deutsche Inquisitor Konrad von Marburg”, in Beiträge zur hessischen Kirchengeschichte (ed. Diehl and Koehler), Neue Folge, Ergänzungsband IV, Darmstadt, 1911, pp. 248–300, 331-63. Some valuable corrections to Braun are supplied by L. Förg, Die Ketzerverfolgung in Deutschland unter Gregor IX. Ihre Herkunft, ihre Bedeutung und ihre rechtlichen Grundlagen, Berlin, 1932. B. Kaltner, Konrad von Marburg und die Inquisition in Deutschland, Prague, 1882, though dated, is also worth consulting. On Conrad’s probable aristocratic descent, and connection with the Premonstratensians, see K. H. May, “Zur Geschichte Konrads von Marburg”, in Hessisches Jahrbuch für Landesgeschichte, vol. I, Marburg, 1951.

15 Annales Wormatienses

, loc. cit.

16 Chronica Albrici, p. 931.

17 Cf. H. Finke, Konzilienstudien zur Geschichte des 13 Jahrhunderts, Münster, 1891, pp. 30 seq.

18 Gesta Treverorum, Contin. IV, p. 402.

19 MGH, Epistolae Saeculi XIII e regestis Pontificum Romanorum, vol. I, No. 560, pp. 453-5

20 Annales Erphordenses Fratrum Praedicatorum, in Scriptores Rerum Germanicarum: Monumenta Erphesfurtensia, ed. O. Holder-Egger, Hanover, 1899, p. 86.

21 Text in Chronica Albrici, pp. 931-2.

22 Cf. Förg, op. cit., pp. 79, 91.

23 Chronica Albrici, p. 931.