Handbook of Vanilla Science and Technology

collectors, 109, 115

Colletotrichum sp., 13, 14, 19, 29, 32

Colletotrichum vanillae, 14, 33, 48

Colombia, 126, 130, 132, 270

commercial curing methods, 99, 102

Comoros, 37, 166, 231

compartmentalization, 83

compost, 10, 13, 72

conditioning, 48, 87, 89, 95, 99-102

confections, 222

coniferaldehyde, 295

coniferyl alcohol, 310, 312, 316, 319, 321

consistent plant performance, 240

consumer market, 77

continuous fermentation, 326

corn, 56,110,235,304

Corynebacterium, 285, 306, 317, 321

Costa Rica, 27, 40-42, 45, 47, 123, 257, 267

Costa Rica Polytechnic University, 42

Costa Rica, Central America, 40

p-coumarate 3-hydroxylase, 285

p-coumaric acid, 166, 306

p-coumaric acid hydrolyase, 283

crisis, 107-110

cultivation methods, 5

culture medium, 325

cured vanilla, 4, 18, 21, 77, 98, 133, 184, 235

curing, 18-20, 77, 79, 81, 84, 86, 89, 91, 93, 95, 98, 101, 102, 109, 115, 127, 148, 167, 287, 288

curing process, 17, 19, 20, 79, 80, 84, 92, 99, 102 162, 167, 184, 288

cuttings, 6, 8, 31, 32, 72, 115

cyclones, 107, 113

Cypress pine, 239

Cypripedioideae, 247

Cyrtosia, 243, 250, 254

cytochrome P450, 282, 285, 294-296

cytoplasm, 82, 83, 283

dairy application, 221

damage by adverse climatic factors, 35

Darwin, 70-74

deacetylation, 304-307, 309, 312, 316

deciduous trees, 42

deregulation, 107

DGCCRF, 156, 157, 173

3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde, 166, 285, 286, 296, 317

dioxygenase, 326 direct to retail, 77

dithiothreitol, 283, 326 diversity, 3, 51, 52, 57, 247, 251, 269

DNA, 60, 247, 257, 263, 269, 277

drainage pipe, 73, 74

drought, 4, 9, 27, 248, 254

drying, 45, 72, 88, 89, 101, 102, 112, 243

Duckeella, 248

E. coli, 150, 306, 310, 315, 318, 320, 325

economical alternatives, 42

ecuador, 60, 126, 130

England, 122, 123, 125

enzymes in vanillin formation pathway, 283, 315, 318

Epidendroideae, 247, 248

Epistephium, 249

Eriaxis, 249

Erythrorchis, 249

Erytrina spp., 42

ethyl vanillin, 166, 170-172, 176, 223

ethylene, 84, 96, 102

eugenol, 157, 302, 310, 312, 313, 318, 319, 326

Euglossa viridissima, 15

Eulaema sp. (“jicotes”), 15

evolution, 15, 247, 252-254, 302

export volume, 22

extract, 21, 79, 98,109,149,151,152,154, 163, 173, 185, 221, 224, 229, 232, 233, 236, 301, 317

extraction, 79, 95, 153, 165, 171, 175, 176, 184, 258, 322, 325, 326

Fair Trade, 107-116

Fair Trade Labeling Organizations, 111

Far North Queensland (FNQ), 70, 71

farm to market, 69

fertilization, 15, 17, 44, 45, 73

fertilizers, 45, 112

ferulic acid, 85, 166, 282, 283, 302, 304, 308, 312, 317, 318, 320, 322, 325, 326

ferulic acid P-oxidation, 282

feruloyl esterase, 304, 320

feruloyl-ScoA, 304, 306

fish emulsion, 72

flans, 222

flavor, 19, 77, 80, 86, 89, 99, 102, 112, 152, 163, 164, 167, 178, 183, 221-223, 229, 236, 321

flowering, 3, 4, 14, 40, 76, 108, 246, 266

flowering and pollination, 14-17

foliar spray, 72

Foliosae, 252

fossil, 251

France, 21, 22, 122, 128, 130, 159, 164, 171, 172

fruit anatomy, 81

fruit components, 80

fruit development, 4, 11, 14, 17

fungi, 10, 26, 32, 45, 249, 266, 267, 271, 273, 276, 302, 319, 322, 325

fungicides, 13, 33, 38, 112, 276

Fusarium, 4, 13, 26, 32, 74, 133, 276, 304, 306

Fusarium incarnatum-equiseti species complex, 14, 32

Galeola, 248, 249

Garifuna, 51, 57, 66

GC, 163-165, 173, 176, 178

genome, 254, 258, 310

genomics, 254, 295, 296

germination, seed, 271, 273

germination, symbiotic, 271, 273

glandular trichomes, 292

glucovanillin, 167, 168, 287, 288, 292

glycosyl hydrolases, 85, 91, 93, 95, 288

β-glucosidase, 85, 86, 93-96, 167, 288

β-glucoside, 288

glycosyltransferase, 286

Gmelina arborea, 42

gold medal prizes for Mexican vanilla, 3

Golden Stream Corridor Preserve, 58

Gondwana, 250

gourmet, 21-23, 77, 148, 220, 223, 231, 234

GPC, 172, 173, 178

grading, 21, 142-144

green beans, 18, 79, 87, 97, 102, 167, 282

green biomass density, 46

green vanilla commercialization, 18

guaiacol, 147, 148, 167, 174, 316, 322

guatemala, 50, 53, 60, 62, 123, 126

Guianas, 126, 128, 129, 133

hairy cells, 82

hand pollination, 3, 15-16, 45, 129, 162, 167, 184

hardwood posts, 72

harvesting, 3, 17, 77, 133, 163

history of vanilla production, 40-43

hologenome, 278

Honduras, 50, 62, 117, 123, 132

HPLC, 150, 166, 169-171, 176, 224, 258

HPLC method of analysis, 150, 157, 170, 171, 224, 225, 258

HS-SPME, 166 Hugh Morgan, 122

humidity, 3, 9, 35, 63, 88, 100, 102

hummingbirds, 15

humus, 9, 76

hybrid, 28, 42, 63, 184, 251, 254, 256, 259, 260, 319

hybridization, 53, 61, 258, 263

hydrogen peroxide, 326, 327

hydrolysis, 85, 91, 93, 167, 287, 304, 312, 325

hydrolytic enzymes, 89, 91, 288

4-hydroxybenzaldehyde synthase, 283, 284

p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, 93, 150, 166, 170, 172, 175, 229, 230

p-hydroxybenzoic acid, 93, 150, 170, 171, 173, 224, 231

p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol, 167

hydroxycinnamates, 302

hypovirulence, 277, 278

ice cream, 107, 112, 115, 122, 221, 236

immobilized cells, 326

in vitro propagation, 47, 72

Indian Ocean, 3, 37, 100, 128, 132

Indians, 51, 118, 123, 124, 126, 130

Indonesia, 37, 79, 101, 114, 155, 164, 184, 221, 222