Парадокс мудрости. Научное опровержение «старческого слабоумия». Революционный взгляд на мышление человека

Role of hippocampi in memory: Maviel, T. et al (2004) Sites of neocortical reorganization critical for remote spatial memory. Science, 305,96-99; Remondes, M., & Schuman, E. M. (2004). Role for a cortical input to hippocampal area CA1 in the consolidation of a long-term memory. Nature, 431 (7009), 699-703.

Electric shock in studies of memory formation: Glickman, S. E. (1961). Perseverative neural processes and consolidation of the memory trace. Psychol Bull, 58, 218-233; McGaugh, J. L. (1972). The search for the memory trace. Ann NY Acad Sci, 193, 112-123.

Permastore: Bahrick, H. P. (1984). Semantic memory content in permastore: fifty years of memory for Spanish learned in school. J Experimental Psychol Gen, 113(1), 1-29.

Distribution of memories in permastore: Ibid.

Retrograde amnesia: Goldberg, E., Antin, S. P., Blider, R. M., Jr., Gerstman, L. J., Hughes J. E., & Mattis, S. (1981). Retrograde amnesia: possible role of mesencephalic reticular activation in long-term memory. Science, 213(4514), 1392-1394; Goldberg, E., & Barr, W. (1992). Selective knowledge loss in activational and representational amnesias. In L. Squire & N. Butters (Eds.), Neuropsychology of Memory (pp. 72-80). New York: The Guilford Press.

Temporal gradient of retrograde amnesia: Barr, W. В., Goldberg, E., Wasserstein, J., & Novelly, R. A. (1990). Retrograde amnesia following unilateral temporal lobectomy. Neuropsychobgia, 28(3), 243-255.

      ​ 7. Воспоминания, которые не тускнеют

Neural Darwinism: Edelman, G M. (1987). Neural Darwinism: The Theory of Neuronal Group Selection. New York: Basic Books.

Procedural and declarative memory: Cohen, N. J., & Squire, L. R. (1980). Preserved learning and retention of pattern-analyzing skill in amnesia: dissociation of knowing how and knowing that. Science, 210(4466), 207-210.

Episodic and semantic memory. Tulving, E. (1983). Elements of Episodic Memory. New York: Oxford University Press.

More on «Steve’s» case in: Goldberg, E., Antin, S. P., Bilder, R. M., Jr., Gerstman, L. J., Hughes, J. E., & Mattis, S. (1981). Retrograde amnesia: possible role of mesencephalic reticular activation in long-term memory. Science, 213(4514), 1392-1394. As the title of the paper suggests, the damage responsible for memory impairment was in the ventral midbrain, this further supporting the role of the brain stem in memory. See also E. Goldberg, J. Hughes, S. Mattis & S. Antin. (1982). Isolated retrograde amnesia: Different etiologies, same mechanisms?

Cortex, 18, 459-462.

Generic and specific memory: Goldberg, E., & Barr, W. (1992). Selective Knowledge Loss in Activational and Representational Amnesias. In L. Squire & N. Butters (Eds.), Neuropsychology of Memory (pp. 72-80). New York: The Guilford Press; Goldberg, E., & Barr, W. (2003). Knowledge Systems and Material-Specific Memory Deficits. In J. H. Byrne (Ed.), Learning and Memory. New York: Macmillan Reference.

Generic and specific memory in retrograde amneisa: Barr, W. В., Goldberg, E., Wasserstein, J., & Novelly, R A. (1990). Retrograde amnesia following unilateral temporal lobectomy. Neuropsychologia, 28(3), 243-255.

Generic memories are committed to long-term storage more rapidly: Goldberg, E., & Barr, W. (1992). Selective Knowledge Loss in Activational and Representational Amnesias. In L. Squire & N. Butters (Eds.), Neuropsychology of Memory

(pp. 72-80). New York: The Guilford Press; Maviel, Т., Durkin, T. P., Menzaghi, E, & Bontempi, B. (2004). Sites of neocortical reorganization critical for remote spatial memory. Science, 305(5680), 96-99.

To learn more about brain plasticity see this excellent book: Schwartz, J., & Begley, S. (2002). The Mind and the Brain: Neuroplasticity and the Power of Mental Force. New York: Regan Books.

Pattern expansion in monkeys. Wang, X., Merzenich, M. M., Sameshima, K, & Jenkins, W. M. (1995). Remodelling of hand representation in adult cortex determined by timing of tactile stimulation. Nature, 375(6552), 71-75.

Pattern expansion in humans: Pascual-Leone, A., & Torres, F. (1993). Plasticity of the sensorimotor cortex representation of the reading finger in Braille readers. Brain, 116(Pt 1), 39-52; Elbert, T, Pantev, C, Wienbruch, C, Rockstroh, В., & Taub, E. (1995). Increased cortical representation of the fingers of the left hand in string players. Science, 270(5234), 305-307.

Pattern expansion and mental clarity in old age: Golden, D. (1994, July). «Building a Better Brain.» Life, 62-70.