The Future Is History: How Totalitarianism Reclaimed Russia

September 11, 2001, attacks, 231-32 Serbia, NATO bombing of, 196-99, 280, 431-32 sexual abuse. See pedophilia shortages consumer goods, 193 food supply, 14-15, 38 sanctions, 444-47 Shulman, Colette, 100 Shulman, Ekaterina, 385 signaling system of acceptable behavior, 99-102 sixth column, 441

Sochi Winter Olympics (2014), 375, 420, 426-27 social contract after "Execution of the White House," 113 of totalitarianism, 99-102 social media and Nemtsov's disappearance to Israel, 455-56 Nemtsov's post about Crimea, 449-50 online entrapment movement, 396, 411-13 for organizing protests, 340, 342, 464-65 TV Rain tweet about Siege of Leningrad, 424-26 social mobility, 299-300 social sciences ethnogenesis, 182-84

Institute for Concrete Social Studies, 30-31 psychology, 22-28 research, 17-18, 62-66 restrictions on careers, 28-29 sociology anti-American sentiments, 232-34 "authoritarian personality," 300-303 Homo Sovieticus, 59-66, 97, 168, 202 Levada greatest-person survey, 306-7, 481 "magic helper" concept (Fromm), 301 Name of Russia (greatest Russian) contest, 303-4, 306 public opinion survey in 1990s, 165-68 public opinion survey in 2000s, 223

reactions to, 29-32

research on protest participants, 345-49 Solzhenitsyn, Alexander, 326 Sorokin, Pitirim, 264 Soros, George, 184-85, 240-41 South Ossetia, 279-80 Spielrein, Sabina, 25-26 stability, desire for, 349, 383, 466-69 Stalin, Joseph "anti-cosmopolitan campaign," 147-48 ethnic cleansing of Crimea, 428-29 popularity of, 303, 306 public opinion about, 166 terror, 143-48 state institutions, 222, 24Q state terror clearing names of innocent victims, 145-49 executioners as victims, 147-49 of families, 153-58

mass executions during Stalin era, 143-49 See also judicial system state's role, Soviet Union, 59-61 Steep Road, A (Into the Whirlwind;

Ginzburg), 154-55 Stepashin, Sergei, 198-99 Steuckers, Robert, 54 Stories About Lenin (Zoshchenko), 71 Sturzo, Luigi, 290-91 suicide among impoverished, 44 Svanidze, Nikolai, 398-99

Talkov, Igor, 103 Tallinn, 277-78

terror, 142-49, 291-92, 294, 390-91. See also state terror Thatcher, Margaret, 120 "Thaw" period, 260, 266

Theory of Historical Materialism, The (Bukharin), 29-30 Timashuk, Lidia, 148

"Time of the 'Gray People,' The" (Gudkov and Dubin), 205-6 Tornovoy, Vlad, 405-6

Totalitarian and Authoritarian Regimes (Linz), 295

Totalitarian Dictatorship and Autocracy (Friedrich and Brzezinski), 292-93 totalitarianism vs. authoritarian regimes, 295, 298, 385 characteristics, 290-91, 382-83 defined by Arendt, 291-92, 293 defined by Friedrich, 292-93 defined by Friedrich and Brzezinski, 292-93

defined by Gudkov, 295-98 defined by Sturzo, 290-91 first uses of word for Soviet system, 289-90 ideology, 98-99, 291-92, 294, 433-34 instability of, 16-17 as perceived from inside, 293-94 "pseudototalitarianism," 297-98, 383, 433-34 recurrent, 434, 446, 472 as social contract, 99-102 terror, 142-49, 291-92, 294, 390-91 trauma from, 151-52 view of future, 307 warnings about, 299 Tradition philosophy, 53-54 Transnational Radical Party, 51 trauma

effects on family, 149-51, 157-58 Freud's death drive, 469 survival after, 469-71 from totalitarianism, 151-52 unpredictability of judicial system, 467-69 See also psychology travel restrictions, 88

Triumfalnaya Square protest, 317-18, 336, 338, 339

Trubetskoy, Nikolai, 237

Trump, Donald, 480, 484

Tsarkoye Selo ("Czars' Village"), 38

TV Rain television channel, 424-26

Ukraine

acceptance of homosexuality, 273-74 elections (2004), 238-41 Nemtsov's war report, 457 ongoing protests, 421-24, 427 Russian control of elections (2004), 238-39 Russian invasion, 435-36 Umland, Andreas, 272-73, 330 Union of Right Forces political party, 204-5, 225 United Russia political party, 330, 334 United States

interference with Russia and Eastern Europe, 240-41 Russian anti-Americanism, 197, 232-34, 237, 380, 389, 431-33 universities. See Moscow State University; Perm State University UralVagonZavod factory, 377-79, 383

Vasilyev, Dmitry, 53

Victory Day celebrations (2012), 376-77

violence, 132-33

"virtual economy," 195, 250-51

vote rigging, 334-35, 348, 3Z5-76, 384-85

vouchers, privatization, 127

Walesa, Lech, 147 Warsaw Pact, 276-77 Ways of the Absolute, The (Dugin), 53 wealth distribution generational differences, 129-31 jealousy and envy, 130-32 in Lenin's "first phase of Communism," 39 pyramid schemes, 127-28 self-perception, 130-31, 133 in world, 233 See also finance Weber, Max, 32

Western ideas, 52, 97-98, 237, 437-38 White Nights arts festival (Perm), 262-63 white ribbons as symbol of protest, 345, 346, 350-51, 357 World Congress of Families conference (1997), 266-67 planned conference (Moscow, 2010), 409, 444 Worner, Manfred, 276-77