The Future Is History: How Totalitarianism Reclaimed Russia

families adoption bans, 380, 408 divorce, 57, 99 effects of trauma, 149-51 financial incentives for procreation, 267, 376 procreation alternatives, 43, 99 punishment of, 153-58 Russian demographics, 264-67 same-sex marriage, legislation against, 407-9 therapy for, 33

World Congress of Families meetings, 266-67, 409, 444 Federation Treaty, 109-10 fifth column, 390, 432, 458 finance currency reserves, 107-8 debt default, 195-96 effects of sanctions, 445-47 incentives for procreation, 267, 376 inflation, 108-9 price controls, 108-9 stock market crash (2008), 311-12 See also wealth distribution Fomenko, Anatoli, 183-84 food supply destruction of banned foods, 446-47 legalization of private commerce, 108-10, 126-28 "Legs of Bush" chicken, 125-26 for Party elite, 118, 121 rations, 107 sanctions, 444-47 shortages, 14-15, 38 former Soviet republics, Russian attempts to control, 238-39 fortochka, as analogy for intellectual opening, 27-28, 54

Frankl, Viktor, 58 freedom, 300, 307-8. 466 Freud, Sigmund death drive, 469 influence in Russia, 25

spetskhran (limited-access collection) of case studies, 27 Fridman, Mikhail, 316, 483-84 Friedrich, Carl Joachim, 292-93

"friendship of the peoples" in Soviet Union, 72-79, 84-85 Fromm, Erich, 299-303 future pessimism about, 308 view of, under totalitarianism, 307

Gabowitsch, Mischa, 347-49

Gaddy, Clifford, 195, 203, 250. See also "virtual economy" Gaidar, Yegor, 100-101, 102, 107-10, 173 Galich, Alexander, 17, 40 "games" of negotiation with state, 64-65 Georgia (country) Rose Revolution (2003), 237-38 Russo-Georgian War (2008), 279-81 German reunification, 276-77 Gorbachev, Mikhail Central Committee leadership changes, 74-75 conflict with Boris Yeltsin, 73-74, 85 referendum on future of Soviet Union, 84-85 reforms blamed for problems, 90-91 removal from power (1991), 89-93 response to political protests, 100 and A. N. Yakovlev, 36-37, 76, 79-88, 93-94, 143-49 Gordeev, Sergei, 261 Gorky, Maxim, 13-14, 150 Gorky (city), 13-14 government, new economic concerns, 105-8 Kremlin, nationalization of, 190-91, 222 legal and political foundations, 106 moving from totalitarian to democratic, 203-6 oligarchs, 190-91 politicians, 188 Grand Failure, The (Brzezinski), 83 Great Patriotic War, 46, 70, 179, 180-81 "Greater Russia" concept, 439-40 Group for Trust Between East and West, 52 G udkov, Lev "abortive modernization," 381-82, 390-91

anti-Americanism, 232-34 definition of totalitarianism, 295-98 election research (1999), 203-6 greatest-person survey, 306-7, 481 interest in sociology, 29, 31-33 language considerations in surveys, 404 and Name of Russia contest results, 306 national identity, 166-68 public opinion surveys, 62-63, 164-65 Putin's approval rating vs. consumer perceptions, 445-46 Putin's popularity, 200-201 reactions to bombing in Serbia, 197-98 research center classified as "foreign agent," 472, 481 on Russian intervention in Crimea, 433-34 on social mobility, 299-300 wealth gap research, 129-30 Guelman, Marat, 261-62, 486 Guenon, Rene, 53-54 Gumilev, Lev, 181-84

Hard to Be a God (Strugatsky and Strugatsky), 205-6

health care, 251-52, 265

Heidegger, Martin, 21

Hitler, Adolf, 116-17, 302, 433

Homo Sovieticus, 59-66, 97, 168, 202

negotiation with state, 64-65 homosexuality acceptance in Ukraine, 273-74 and adoption ban, 408

anti-gay initiatives and rhetoric, 266-67, 270-72, 357, 361, 396, 397-99 Association of Sexual Minorities, 51 equated with pedophilia, 328, 395-96 government's weak response to, 101-2, 257 and hate crimes, 405-6, 411-13, 480 LGBT rights protests, 352, 403, 406 "propaganda of," ban on, 395-98, 403-4 public opinion about, 63, 202, 403-4 same-sex marriage, legislation against, 407-9 tolerance of, 99 hopelessness, 266 Hoper-Invest, 128.130

Horvath, Robert, 241, 245. See also "preventive counter-revolution" "hybrid regime," post-Soviet Russia as, 383, 385-86

ideology conservative, 272-73 of Putin regime, 388, 433-34

totalitarian, 98-99, 291-92, 294 "illiberal democracy," 383-84, 386 individuality, 302-3

Institute for Concrete Social Studies, 30-31 intellectual climate in early 1980s, 20-21 Introduction to Psychoanalysis (Freud), 25

jealousy and envy, 130-32 Jews. See antisemitism judicial system

Bolotnaya Square protest, 342-47, 364-74, 390-91, 448-49, 453, 478

case of Kuznetsov, 329

case of Magnitsky, 333

case of Makarov, 325-27, 332-34

case of Pastukhov, 328

citizen activists hunting for pedophiles, 331-32 disproportionately harsh sentences, 420 Kremlin crackdown (2012), 379-80 overprotection from state, 327-28, 395 "Red Wheel," 326-27, 333

sex crimes against children, bill on penalties for, 329-31 unpredictability of, 467-69 See also state terror A Just Russia political party, 330, 334

Kara-Murza, Vladimir, 460, 462-63, 486

Kasparov, Garry, 242, 391, 485

KGB

dismantling of, 104 NKVD mass executions, 143-44 power of, 249 Khakamada, Irina, 437