The Great Terror

41. D. J. Dallin and B. I. Nicolaevsky, Forced Labour in the Soviet Union (London, 1948), p. 116.

42. Rudzutak, speech to the XVIth Party Congress.

43. Abdurakhman Avtorkhanov, Stalin and the Soviet Communist Party (London, 1959), p. 124.

44. Kaganovich, speech to the XVIth Party Congress.

45. Pravda, 6 January 1930.

46. Report of the Court Proceedings in the Case of the Anti-Soviet ‘Bloc of Rights and Trotskyites,' English ed. (Moscow, 1938), p. 708 (henceforward referred to as Bukharin Trial).

47. Leningradskaya pravda, 2 December 1962.

48. See Ciliga, Russian Enigma, p. 96.

49. G. A. Tokaev, Betrayal of an Ideal (London, 1954), pp. 167–68.

50. Deutscher, Stalin, p. 349.

51. Sovetskaya kul’ tura, 1 October 1988; Sobesednik, no. 49 (1988).

52. Kravchenko, I Chose Freedom, p. 130.

53. Raphael R. Abramovitch, The Soviet Revolution (London, 1962), pp. 346–47.

54. Nicolaevsky, Power and the Soviet Elite, p. 18.

55. Ibid., pp. 18–19.

Chapter 1: Stalin Prepares

1. Deviatyi s”ezd professional’nykh soyuzov. Stenograficheskiy otchet (Moscow, 1933), pp. 205, 253.

2. Pravda, 2 December 1930.

3. Vsesoyuznaya kommunisticheskaya partiya (b) v rezolyutsyakh i resheniyakh s”ezdov, konferentsii i plenumov TsK, 5th ed. (Moscow, 1936), vol. 1, p. 668.

4. Yunost’, no. 11(1988); Literaturnaya gazeta, 29 June 1988; Izvestiya TsK KPSS, no. 6 (1989).

5. Anton Ciliga, The Russian Enigma (London, 1940), p. 279.

6. “Letter of an Old Bolshevik,” in Boris I. Nicolaevsky, Power and the Soviet Elite (New York, 1965), p. 29.

7. Yunost

’, no. 11(1988); Literaturnaya gazeta, 29 June 1988.

8. Yunost’, no. 11 (1988).

9. Bukharin Trial, p. 390.

10. “Letter of an Old Bolshevik,” p. 30.

11. Raphael R. Abramovitch, The Soviet Revolution (London, 1962), pp. 353, 355.

12. Pravda, 17 November 1964.

13. Druzhba narodov, no. 6 (1987), p. 52; Literaturnaya gazeta, 29 June 1988.

14. Ciliga, Russian Enigma, p. 279.

15. Vsesoyuznaya kommunisticheskaya partiya, vol. 2, p. 669.

16. Oktyabr’, no. 12 (1988); Izvestiya TsK KPSS, no. 6 (1989).

17. Yunost’, no. 11(1988);

Literaturnaya gazeta, 29 June 1988.

18. Vsesoyuznoe soveshchanie o merakh uluchsheniya podgotovki nauchnopedagogicheskikh kadrov po istoricheskim naukam (Moscow, 1964), p. 291 (henceforward referred to as Conference of Historians, 1962).

19. Ibid.

20. Boris Nicolaevsky, in Sotsialisticheskiy vestnik, June 1956; and see Druzhba narodov, no. 6 (1987), p. 52.

21. Bukharin Trial, p. 644.

22. Karl Radek, Portraits and Pamphlets (London, 1935), p. 31.

23. Alexander Barmine, One Who Survived (New York, 1945), pp. 101–2.

24. Byuletten oppozitsii, no. 34, quoted in Isaac Deutscher, Stalin (London, 1949), p. 352.

25. Report of the Court Proceedings: The Case of the Trotskyite-Zinovievite Terrorist Centre, English ed. (Moscow, 1936), p. 14 (henceforward referred to as Zinoviev Trial).

26. Abramovitch, Soviet Revolution

, p. 343; see also Merle Fainsod, How Russia Is Ruled, 2nd ed. (London, 1963), p. 263.

27. Pravda, 25 May 1933.

28. Rakovsky, declaration of April 1930.

29. “Letter of an Old Bolshevik,” p. 56.

30. Radek, Portraits and Pamphlets, p. 31.

31. Byuletten oppozitsii, no. 33 (1932).

32. See Ciliga, Russian Enigma, chaps. 5, 7.

33. Nikita Khrushchev, Secret Speech.

34. Stalin, report to the XVIIth Party Congress.

35. XVII s”ezd Vsesoyuznoy kommunisticheskoy partii (b) 26 yanvarya-10 fevralya 1934. Stenograficheskiy otchet (Moscow, 1934).

36. See “Letter of an Old Bolshevik”; Barmine, One Who Survived.

37. L. Shaumyan, in Pravda, 7 February 1964.

38. S. Sinelnikov, Sergei Mironovich Kirov: Zhizn’ i deyatel’ nost (Moscow, 1964), pp. 194–95.