The Great Terror

3. Milovan Djilas, Conversations with Stalin (London, 1962), pp. 57–58.

4. Bukharin, conversation with Theodore Dan and Lydia Dan, 1935 (Raphael R. Abramovitch, The Soviet Revolution [London, 1962], p. 416).

5. F. Beck and W. Godin, Russian Purge and the Extraction of Confession (London, 1951), p. 227.

6. Bernhard Roeder, Katorga: An Aspect of Modern Slavery (London, 1958), p. 196.

7. The problem is clearly and wittily unravelled in Bertram D. Wolfe, Three Who Made a Revolution (London, 1966).

8. Boris Souvarine, Stalin (London, 1949), p. 287.

9. Ibid., p. 485.

10. Nikita Khrushchev, Secret Speech.

11. G. A. Tokaev, Stalin Means War (London, 1951), p. 115.

12. Ilya Ehrenburg, in Novyy mir, no. 4 (1964).

13. Djilas, Conversations with Stalin, p. 172.

14. Iremashvili, Memoirs, quoted in Wolfe, Three Who Made a Revolution

, p. 508.

15. Svetlana Alliluyeva, Twenty Letters to a Friend (London, 1967), p. 117; Alexander Barmine, One Who Survived (New York, 1945), pp. 263–64; Alexander Orlov, The Secret History of Stalin’s Crimes (New York, 1953), pp. 316–18.

16. Alliluyeva, Twenty Letters to a Friend, p. 122.

17. Ibid., p. 116.

18. Orlov, Secret History of Stalin’s Crimes, 314–25.

19. Alliluyeva, Twenty Letters to a Friend, p. 62.

20. Tokaev, Stalin Means War, p. 128.

21. Ibid., p. 120; and see Alliluyeva, Twenty Letters to a Friend, chap. 19.

22. H. G. Wells, The Outline of History (New York, 1971).

23. Barmine, One Who Survived, p. 267; and see Alliluyeva, Twenty Letters to a Friend, pp. 54–55.

24. Souvarine, Stalin

, p. 244.

25. Khrushchev, Secret Speech.

26. Barmine, One Who Survived, p. 305.

27. Leon Trotsky, My Life (London, 1930), vol. 2, p. 255.

28. Isaac Deutscher, Stalin (London, 1949), p. 291.

29. Nuovi Argomenti [Special issue on the XXIInd Party Congress], October 1961.

30. Milovan Djilas, The New Class (London, 1957), p. 128.

31. Deutscher, Stalin, chap. 1.

32. Djilas, New Class, p. 128.

33. Barmine, One Who Survived, p. 161.

34. Djilas, Conversations with Stalin, p. 60.

35. Robert V. Daniels, The Conscience of the Revolution (Oxford, 1960), p. 182.

36. Professor Tibor Szamuely.

37. Novyy mir

, no. 5 (1962).

38. Izvestiya, 6 February 1963.

39. Mikhail Koltsov kakim on byl (Moscow, 1965), p. 71.

40. B. Bazhanov, Stalin der Rote Diktator (Berlin, 1931), p. 21.

41. Barmine, One Who Survived, p. 257.

42. Konstantin Simonov, in Znamya, May 1964.

43. Trotsky, My Life, vol. 2, p. 184.

44. Stalin, Speech at the First Anniversary of Lenin’s Death, 1925.

45. Djilas, Conversations with Stalin, p. 63.

46. Adolf Hitler, Mein Kampf, trans. James Murphy (London, 1939), p. 110.

47. Joseph Stalin, Notes of a Delegate (London, 1941), p. 13.

48. Novyy mir, no. 4 (1964).

49. Stalin, official criticism of Academician Orbeli at a joint session of the Academy of Sciences and the Academy of Medical Sciences (Pravda, 1 July 1950).

50. Souvarine, Stalin

, p. 267.

51. Khrushchev, Secret Speech.

52. George Kennan, Introduction to Boris I. Nicolaevsky, Power and the Soviet Elite (New York, 1965), p. xvii.

53. Alliluyeva, Twenty Letters to a Friend, p. 65.

54. Novyy mir, no. 4 (1962).

55. Humphrey Slater, The Heretics (New York, 1947).

56. Znamya, May 1964.

57. Khrushchev, speech to the XXIInd Party Congress (Pravda, 29 October 1961).

58. Vladimir Petrov, Soviet Gold (New York, 1949), pp. 122ff.

59. For example, Bol shaya sovetskaya entsyklopediya, 2nd ed. (Moscow, 1949–58), s.v. “Kavtaradze.”

60. See Lavrentiy Beria, Questions of the History of the Bolshevik Organizations in Transcaucasia (Moscow, 1935); Be shaya sovetskaya entsyklopediya, vol. 26.

61. Barmine, One Who Survived, p. 257.

62. Bukharin, conversation with Kamenev, July 1928.

Chapter 4: Old Bolsheviks Confess