The Great Terror

39. Ogonek, 13 December 1987. For a fuller account and documentation of these episodes see Robert Conquest, Stalin and the Kirov Murder (New York, 1989), chap. 4. See also Izvestiya TsK KPSS, no. 7 (1989); Ogonek, no. 28 (1989).

40. Izvestiya TsK KPSS, no. 7 (1989).

41. G. A. Tokaev, Betrayal of an Ideal (London, 1954), p. 166.

42. Nicolaevsky, Power and the Soviet Elite, p. 100.

43. Resolution of the XVIIth Party Congress; Party Constitution of 1934.

44. N. Ruslanov, in Sotsialisticheskiy vestnik, nos. 7–8 (1953).

45. Nicolaevsky, Power and the Soviet Elite, pp. 94–95.

46. Bol shaya sovetskaya entsyklopediya, 1st ed. (Moscow, 1926–47), s.v. “Shkiryatov.”

47. Fadeyev, speech to the First Soviet Writers’ Congress, August 1934.

48. Nikita Khrushchev, Khrushchev Remembers (New York, 1970), p. 61.

49. Sinelnikov, Sergei Mironovich Kirov, p. 196.

Chapter 2: The Kirov Murder

1. Pravda, 4 December 1934.

2. Zinoviev Trial

, pp. 31, 32, 34.

3. S. V. Krasnikov, S. M. Kirov v Leningrade (Leningrad, 1966), p. 200.

4. Alexander Orlov, The Secret History of Stalin’s Crimes (New York, 1953), p. 28.

5. Ibid., pp. 259–60.

6. Bukharin Trial, p. 572.

7. Ibid., p. 376.

8. Orlov, Secret History of Stalin’s Crimes, pp. 29–30.

9. Krasnikov, S. M. Kirov v Leningrade, p. 196.

10. Z. T. Serdyuk, speech to the XXIInd Party Congress (Pravda, 31 October 1961).

11. Krasnikov, S. M. Kirov v Leningrade, p. 196.

12. Nikita Khrushchev, Secret Speech.

13. Ibid.

14. A. N. Shelepin, speech to the XXIInd Party Congress (Pravda, 27 October 1961).

15. N. S. Khrushchev, speech to the XXIInd Party Congress (Pravda, 29 October 1961).

16. Bukharin Trial, p. 558.

17. Svetlana Alliluyeva, Twenty Letters to a Friend (London, 1967), p. 150.

18. Argumenty i fakty, 11 February 1989; Ogonek

, no. 28 (1989).

19. Elizabeth Lermolo, Face of a Victim (New York, 1955), p. 17.

20. “Letter of an Old Bolshevik,” in Boris I. Nicolaevsky, Power and the Soviet Elite (New York, 1965), p. 40.

21. Pravda, 21 December 1934.

22. Zinoviev Trial, p. 136.

23. Pravda, 6 December 1934.

24. Pravda, 18 December 1934.

25. Hrihory Kostiuk, Stalinist Rule in the Ukraine (Munich, 1960), pp. 98–100. See also Ukrains’ka Radians’kii Entsiklopedichnii Slovnik (Kiev, 1966), vol. 1, s.v. “Vlyzko.”

26. Pravda, 10 June 1935.

27. Merle Fainsod, How Russia Is Ruled, 2nd ed. (London, 1963), pp. 56–57.

28. Anton Ciliga, The Russian Enigma (London, 1940), p. 71.

29. Vechernyy Leningrad, 30 December 1964.

30. VII s”ezd vsesoyuzogo Leninskogo kommunisticheskogo soyuza molodezhi (Moscow and Leningrad, 1926), p. 108.

31. Pravda, 27 December 1934.

32. Ibid.

33. “Letter of an Old Bolshevik,” p. 51.

34. Ibid.

35. Ibid., pp. 51–52.

36. Zinoviev Trial, p. 74.

37. Bukharin Trial, pp. 556–57.

38. Ibid., p. 557.

39. Pravda, 17 December 1934.

40. Pravda, 22 December 1934.

41. Pravda, 23 December 1934.

42. Lermolo, Face of a Victim, p. 245.

43. Pravda, 27 December 1934.

44. “The Crime of the Zinoviev Trial Opposition,” p. 19, quoted in Pierre Broue, Le Parti bolchevique (Paris, 1963), p. 351.

45. Pravda, 27 December 1934.

46. Lermolo, Face of a Victim, pp. 46–48.

47. Ibid., pp. 45–46.

48. Pravda, 30 December 1934.

49. Pravda, 17 January 1935.

50. Isaac Deutscher, Stalin (London, 1949), p. 357.

51. Zinoviev Trial

, p. 142.

52. Ibid., pp. 147–48.

53. Ibid., p. 143.

54. Ibid., p. 145.

55. Pravda, 29 March 1937.

56. Bukharin Trial, p. 480.

57. Orlov, Secret History of Stalin’s Crimes, pp. 23–24.

58. Ibid., p. 22.

59. Victor Kravchenko, I Chose Justice (London, 1951), p. 260.

60. Vladimir Petrov, Soviet Gold (New York, 1949), p. 185.

61. Khrushchev, Secret Speech.

62. Oktyabr’, no. 12 (1988).

63. Moscow News, no. 48 (1988).

64. Leningradskaya pravda, 1 December 1988.

65. Fainsod, How Russia Is Ruled, p. 422.

Chapter 3: Architect of Terror

1. Alexander Weissberg, Conspiracy of Silence (London, 1952), p. 507.

2. Arthur Koestler, Darkness at Noon (London, 1940), pp. 23–24.