The Great Terror

153. Izvestiya, 22 November 1963; samizdat manuscript; Literaturnaya Rossiya, May 1989.

154. Robert Conquest, Power and Policy in the U.S.S.R. (London, 1961), pp. 449–53.

155. Izvestiya, 22 November 1963; I. M. Dubinsky-Mulchadze, Ordzhonikidze (Moscow, 1963), p. 6.

156. Literaturnaya gazeta, 7 September 1988.

157. Izvestiya, 22 November 1963; Dubinsky-Mukhadze, Ordzhonikidze, p. 6.

158. Literaturnaya gazeta, 7 September 1988.

159. Izvestiya, 22 November 1963; Dubinsky-Mukhadze, Ordzhonikidze, p. 6.

160. Pravda, 19 February 1937.

161. Dubinsky-Mukhadze, Ordzhonikidze, p. 7.

162. Pravda, 19 February 1937.

163. Be shaya sovetskaya entsyklopediya, 2nd ed. (Moscow, 1949–58), s.v. “Ordzhonikidze.”

164. Roy Medvedev, Let History Judge (New York, 1971), p. 194.

165. Na rubezhe, nos. 3–4 (1952).

166. Kravchenko, I Chose Freedom, p. 240.

167. Khrushchev, speech to the XXIInd Party Congress.

168. Bakinskiy rabochiy, 17 June 1962.

169. Eugenia Ginzburg, Journey into the Whirlwind (New York, 1967), p. 73.

170. Pravda, 17 November 1964.

171. For example, Orlov, Secret History of Stalin’s Crimes, pp. 196–98.

172. Khrushchev, speech to the XXIInd Party Congress.

173. Private interview with author.

174. Abdurakhman Avtorkhanov, Stalin and the Soviet Communist Party (London, 1959), p. 229.

175. Neva, no. 6 (1988).

176. Izvestiya, 22 November 1963.

177. Medvedev, Nikolai Bukharin, p. 134; Nedelya, no. 12 (1988).

178. Komsomolskaya pravda, 2 April 1988.

179. Neva, no. 6 (1988), p. 69.

180. Komsomolskaya pravda, 2 April 1988.

181. Zinoviev Trial, p. 162.

182. Gorizont, no. 5 (1988), p. 36.

183. Pravda, 19 February 1937.

184. Bol’ shaya sovetskaya entsyklopediya, 2nd ed., vol. 31.

185. Samizdat

manuscript.

186. Znamya, no. 12 (1988).

187. P. I. Yakir and Ya. A. Geller, Komandarm Yakir (Moscow, 1963), p. 211.

188. Khrushchev, Secret Speech.

189. Satyukov, speech to the XXIInd Party Congress.

190. Sovetskaya kur tura, 13 September 1988; Znamya, no. 12 (1988).

191. Znamya, no. 12 (1988).

192. Voprosy istorii KPSS, no. 2 (1989).

193. Khrushchev, in Pravda, 17 March 1937.

194. Ilcramov, quoted in Bukharin Trial, p. 349.

195. Avtorkhanov, Stalin and the Soviet Communist Party, p. 118.

196. Kommunist, no. 13 (1988).

197. Walter G. Krivitsky, In Stalin’s Secret Service (London, 1939), p. 228.

198. Yunost’, no. 3 (1988), p. 60.

199. Kommunist, no. 13 (1988).

200. Ibid.

201. Oktyabr’, no. 12 (1988); Izvestiya TsK KPSS, no. 5 (1989).

202. Znamya, no. 12 (1988).

203. Pravda, 6 March 1937.

204. Visti, 1 February 1937.

205. Pravda, 8 February 1937.

206. Pravda, 9 February 1937.

207. Khrushchev, Secret Speech.

208. Ibid.

209. Ibid.

210. Hrihory Kostiuk, “The Fall of Postyshev,” Research Program on the U.S.S.R., no. 6a (1954), in Stalinist Rule in the Ukraine (Munich, 1960), pp. 118–22.

211. Oktyabr’, no. 12 (1988).

212. Khrushchev, Secret Speech.

213. Krivitsky, In Stalin’s Secret Service, p. 228.

214. Znamya, no. 12 (1988).

215. Oktyabr’, no. 12 (1988).

216. Shvernik, speech to the XXIInd Party Congress (Pravda, 26 October 1961).

217. W. P. Coates and Zelda K. Coates, comps., The Moscow Trial (London, 1937), p. 249.

218. Ibid., p. 253.

219. Ibid., p. 205.

220. Quoted by Vyshinsky, in Bukharin Trial, p. 626.

221. Coates and Coates, Moscow Trial

, pp. 275–76.

222. Ibid., p. 277.

223. Ibid., p. 279.

224. Visti, 17 March 1937.

225. Report of the January plenum of the Central Committee (Pravda, 19 January 1938).

226. Pravda, 23 March 1937.

227. Pravda, 29 May 1937.

228. Pravda, 30 May 1987.

229. Visti, 2 June 1937.

230. Orlov, Secret History of Stalin’s Crimes, p. 221.

231. Ibid.

232. Krivitsky, In Stalin’s Secret Service, p. 167.

233. Orlov, Secret History of Stalin’s Crimes, p. 222.

234. Bukharin Trial, p. 482.

235. Orlov, Secret History of Stalin’s Crimes, p. 225.

236. Literaturnaya gazeta, no. 4 (1987).

237. Bukharin Trial, p. 569.

238. Ibid., p. 571.

239. Ibid., p. 556.

240. Pravda, 4 April 1937.

241. Pravda, 5 April 1937.

242. Znamya, no. 12 (1988).