Akhenaten

For Sicard's career, see van de Walle 1976: 12-24 and Bierbrier 1995: 390, with references.

Sicard [1716] 1982: 105-8. For early tourism to this stela, see Murnane and Van Siclen 1993: 2-3, with footnotes 5-18.

Jomard 1821: 309-10.

Wilkinson 1847b: 306-7.

Hay diary (British Library, Add. MSS 31054: 163), slightly mistranscribed in Thomp­son 1992: 89-90.

Wilkinson 1847a II: 106.

Ibid. Ill: 158.

Lepsius 1853: 114. See also Lepsius 1852: 200-2.

Osburn 1854: 333.

1 7 For press coverage of the finds at Amarna and reviews of the relevant books, see, for instance, Quarterly Review vol. 176, no. 352 (1893): 344-72; Athenaeum no. 3182 (20 October 1888): 518-19; Edinburgh Review no. 178 (July 1893): 1-32; the Calvinist publi­cation Bibtiolheca Sacra

no. 54 (1897): 334-9.

Smith 1897: 307.

Contra James 1992: 24, elite visitors to Amarna show the suprahistorical value the site had accrued by this time. For visitors to the site, see Drowcr 1985: 189. For a useful account of Petrie at Amarna, see Aldred 1988: 52-9.

Petrie's MS Journal for 13-21 November 1891.

Drawer 1985: 168-98.

Newberry 1892.

Ward 1900: 97, 104.

Rider Haggard's diary, 10 February 1923, quoted in Addy 1998: 30.

Lorimer 1909: 418-19. The pavement comcs up again and again in travelogues and Sabbatarian books: see Manning 1897: 168 (by Petrie); Ward 1900: 97, 104; Sitwell 1942: 95 (she is describing events in 1911).

Borchardt, quoted in Anthes 1958: 19. For the history of the bust, see Krauss 1987; Wilson 1964: 155 7.

Stuart 1879: 74.

See, e.g., Stark and Rayne 1998.

Eckenstein 1924: 74; see also (e.g.) Ward 1900: 94- 5.

For full analysis of digging strategies at Amarna in the 1920s and 1930s, see Shaw 1999.

Pcct and Woollcy 1923: vi (also quoted in Aldred 1982: 98).

'All such work is now far more costly than of old, and if the Society is to deal adequately with so large a site, it must have generous support from the public' (Hogarth in The Illustrated London News, 5 February 1921: 179).

'Respecting the Pharaohs', Punch, 14 February 1923.

Edwards [1877] 1888: xiii.

Comparisons of the site of Amarna with theatrical sets are very common: see e.g. Gardiner 1961: 220; Aldred 1982: 89.

Powell 1973: 61-135; Chubb 1954 passim.-, Janssen 1996; Aldred 1982: 103; Collier 1972: 1-2 (her book is dedicated to Pendlebury). The full-length biography of Pendle­bury currently being prepared by Imogen Grundon promises to be definitive.

Pendlebury 1935: xxviii.

Martin 1989: 2-3 on the royal tombs; on Pendlcbury's work at Amarna sec generally Shaw 1999 and Eaton-Krauss 1997: 674.

Sec Martin 1991: nos. 1254-1266. Also Pendlebury 1932.

JEA 28 (1942) 63.

Pendlebury 1935: xiv.

Chubb 1954: 104-5.

Pendlebury et al.

1951 II: ix.

Ibid. I: 135.

Ibid. 1:87.

Chubb 1954: 63.

Bruyere 1939: 134-6, 147.

Illustrated London.News, 6 May 1933: 630.

For Egypt in tobacco advertising, see Mullen 1979: 46, 76, 117, etc.; Brier 1992passim.

H.D. [1926] 1968: 188.

Illustrated in Humbert et al. 1994: 542-4.

Curl 1982: 205 6; see also Lant 1992.

Frayling 1992: 10 26; Humbert et at. 1994: 508 -51 is more careful.

See H. Frankfort, 'Revealing Tell-el-Amarna: Recent Discoveries', The Illustrated London News, 10 August 1929; The Burlington Magazine 51 (1927): 233-5.

As Marianne Eaton-Krauss has suggested (1997: 672), this may reflect the harsh real­ities of archaeological sponsorship in the 1980s and 1990s, where dig directors are forced to find money from industrial sponsors, who in their turn want any archaeo­logical research they fund to be relevant to their own business.

For the original interpretation of this structure, see Pendlebury et at. 1951 I: 60, 150, 194, followed in part by Kemp 1995: 188-203; but see the critique of this in Eaton- Krauss 1997: 674. The vine-arbour theory is argued convincingly by Traunecker and Traunecker 1984: 292-300.

For how this affects Amarna material, see Eaton-Krauss 1986: 83-4; 1997: 676.

Shanks 1996: 2.

Hodder 1984: 31.

Freud to Arnold Zweig, quoted in Freud 1970: 106.

4 Protestants, psychoanalysts and fascists

1 Jung 1963: 153-4; see alsojoncs 1953: 165-6. Others who recount this anecdote (e.g. Gay 1988: 233) leave out the Akhenaten connection. For Freud's gift to Abraham, sec Freud 1965: 28.

See Noll 1996: 189. Jung's anti-Semitism has been much debated: see Noll 1997.

E.g. Forrester 1994; the essays by MacCannell and Reinhard in Barker 1996; Gay 1988: 170-3, etc.

See Erman 1929: 223-5, 255-7; Hunger 1962: 46-8, 79, 100-1.

Ebers 1893: 12, 13, 19-20, 36-7, 40, 51-2, 60-1, 70; sec Engelman 1993: 43 for a photograph of one portrait hanging in Freud's consulting room. For Graf and Freud's mummy portraits, see Gamwell and Wells 1989: 78, 188.

Grimm 1992.