God's War: A New History of the Crusades

11. Theobald of Champagne, Seigneurs, sachiez: oui or ne s’en ira l. 18 ‘the ashy people will remain behind’, trans. M. Routledge, An Eyewitness History of the Crusades, ed. C. J. Tyerman, Folio Society (London 2004), iv, 269; Rutebeuf, La desputizions dou croisié et dou descroisié in Onze poèmes concernant la croisade, ed. J. Bastin and E. Faral (Paris 1946), pp. 84–94.

12. Vincent, Peter des Roches, p. 252 and refs. at note 118.

13. In general, T. C. Van Cleve, The Emperor Frederick II of Hohenstaufen (Oxford 1972), pp. 158–233; idem, ‘The Crusade of Frederick II’, 429–62; D. Abulafia, Frederick II (London 1988), pp. 148–201; Mayer, Crusades, pp. 228–38.

14. Van Cleve, Frederick II, p. 229.

15. Above p. 491.

16. The contemporary Ibn Wasil’s account in Gabrieli, Arab Historians, pp. 267–8, 269–70; Maqrizi, Histoire d’Egypte, trans. E. Blocquet, Revue de l’Orient Latin, 9 (1901), 509–10 seems based on this.

17

. MGH Constitutiones et Acta publica Imperatorum et Regum, iv (Hanover 1896), ed. L. Weiland, IV-ii, 129–31, no. 102.

18. Richard of San Germano, Chronica, ed. G. H. Pertz, MGH SS, xix (Hanover 1866), 347–9, cf. pp. 343–4; Vincent, Peter des Roches, pp. 238–9 and refs. notes 52 and 53.

19. Vincent, Peter des Roches, pp. 233–4.

20. Above, note 13.

21. Vincent, Peter des Roches, pp. 229–58; K. R. Giles, ‘Two English Bishops in the Holy Land’, Nottingham Medieval Studies, 31 (1987), 46–57; Lloyd, English Society, in index under ‘Peter des Roches’, ‘William Brewer’, etc.; Tyerman, England and the Crusades, pp. 99–101.

22. Calendar of Patent Rolls 1225–32, pp. 90–91; Vincent, Peter des Roches, pp. 235–9 for Bishop Peter’s finances.

23. Roger of Wendover, Flores, ii, 323; Calendar of Liberate Rolls (Public Record Office, London 1916–64), 1226–40

, p. 93 for Aubigny.

24. A. Forey, ‘The Military Order of St Thomas of Acre’, English Historical Review, 92 (1977), 481–503.

25. Holt, Age of Crusades, pp. 63–5; cf. R. S. Humphreys, From Saladin to the Mongols: The Ayyubids of Damascus (Albany 1977).

26. John of Joinville, Histoire de St Louis, ed. N. M. Wailly (Paris 1868), pp. 69–70.

27. Gabrieli, Arab Historians, p. 268.

28. Sibt Ibn al-Jauzi, Gabrieli, Arab Historians, pp. 273–4; cf. pp. 272–3 for Ibn Wasil’s account.

29. Giovanni Codagnelli (a Piacenza notary fl. 1200–30), Annales Placentini, ed. O. Holder-Egger, Scriptores Rerum Germanicarum (Hanover 1901), pp. 85–6.

30. J. L. Huillard-Bréholles, Historia Diplomagtica Friderici Secundi (Paris 1852–61), iii, 23–30; Gregory IX, Registres, nos. 178–9.

31. According to the hostile Philip of Novara, Wars of Frederick II

, p. 73; for preparations, Richard of San Germano, Chronica, pp. 348–9.

32. Roger of Wendover, Flores, ii, 351–2 and generally, pp. 364–73. For the events of 1227–9, Eracles, pp. 363–75; Philip of Novara, Wars of Frederick II, pp. 73–92 (who emphasizes Frederick’s confrontation with the Ibelins in Cyprus).

33. For these and other exchanges, Eracles, pp. 369–72; Gabrieli, Arab Historians, pp. 267–75.

34. Translations, Van Cleve, Frederick II, p. 217 and see notes 3 and 4.

35. Van Cleve, Frederick II, p. 217 note 5.

36. Gabrieli, Arab Historians, p. 270.

37. Van Cleve, Frederick II, pp. 219–20, reconstructs the treaty that has not survived.

38. Gabrieli, Arab Historians, p. 271; in general pp. 270–71, 273–4.

39

. Gerold’s encyclical letter condemning Frederick is translated in Peters, Christian Society, pp. 165–70, taken from Matthew Paris’s version.

40. Riley-Smith, Feudal Nobility, pp. 171–2.

41. Trans. Peters, Christian Society, pp. 164–5.

42. Richard of San Germano, Chronica, p. 355.

43. Gabrieli, Arab Historians, p. 270.

44. Roger of Wendover, Flores, ii, 372; trans. Peters, Christian Society, p. 156.

45. Above pp. 725–7.

46. Gabrieli, Arab Historians, p. 275.

47. Philip of Novara, Wars of Frederick II, p. 91; cf. pp. 87–92 for opposition to Frederick.

48. Van Cleve, Frederick II, p. 528 and note 1.