История Древнего мира: от истоков цивилизации до падения Рима

1. Reconstruction of «Ishbi-Егга and Kindattu», segments A, B, D, and E in ETC.

2. Roaf, p. no.

3. Saggs, Assyria, pp. 28–30.

4. Reconstructed from the somewhat fragmented «Letter from Nann-ki-ag to Lipit-Estar about Gungunum’s troops» and «Letter from Lipit-Estar to Nann-ki-ag about driving away the enemy», both in ETC.

5. «An adab to Nanna for Gungunum (Gungunum A)», in ETC.

6. L. W. King, The Letters and Inscriptions of Hammurabi, vol. 3 (1976), p. 213, translation of «Reign of Sumu-abu».

7. Translated by A. K. Grayson, Assyrian and Babylonian Chronicles {1975), p. 155.

8. Assyrian king list quoted in Saggs, Assyria, p. 25.

9. Daniel David Luckenbill, Ancient Records of Assyria and Babylon, Volume /. Historical Records of Assyria from the Earliest Times to Sargon (1926), p. 16.

10. Saggs, Assyria, p. 37. n. Roaf, p. 116.

12. Saggs, Assyria, p. 25.

13. Gwendolyn Leick, The Babylonians: An Introduction (2003), p. 33.

14. Oppenheim, Ancient Mesopotamia, p. 156.

15. H. W. F. Saggs, Babylonians (1995), p. 98.

ГЛАВА ДВАДЦАТЬ ПЕРВАЯ. ПАДЕНИЕ СЯ

1. Ssu-ma Ch’ien, The Grand Scribe’s Records, vol. 1, ed. William H. Nienhauser, Jr., translated by Tsai-fa Cheng et al. (1994), p. 21.

2. Ibid., p. 22.

3. Ibid., p. 32.

4. John King Fairbank and Merle Goldman, China: A New History (2002), p. 37.

5. Li Liu and Xingcan Chen, State Formation in Early China (2003), p. 35.

6. Ibid., p. 35.

7. Ch’ien, p. 37.

8. Ibid., p. 38.

9. J. A. G. Roberts, p. 5.

10. Ch’ien, p. 38; the exact quote is «I regret failing to kill T’ang in Hsia-t’ai; that is what has brought me to this».

ГЛАВА ДВАДЦАТЬ ВТОРАЯ. ИМПЕРИЯ ХАММУРАПИ

1. Jorgen Laessoe, People of Ancient Assyria: Their Inscriptions and Correspondence (1963), p. 47.

2. Перефразировано для лучшего понимания из: Laessoe, p. 50.

3. Laessoe, pp. 68–69.

4. Ibid., p. 76.

5. Ibid., p. 78.

6. Реконструкция Андре Парро из надписей Мари, приведено в: Jack М. Sasson, «The King and I: A Mari King in Changing Perceptions», Journal of the American Oriental Society 118:4 (1998), p. 454.

7. King, vol. 2, p. 176.

8. Pritchard, p. 142.

9. Norman Yoffee, «The Decline and Rise of Mesopotamian Civilization: An Ethnoarchaeological Perspective on the Evolution of Social Complexity», American Antiquity 44:1 (1979), p. 12.

10. Saggs, Babylonians, p. 101.

11. King, vol 1, p. xxxvii.

12. Roaf, p. 121.

ГЛАВА ДВАДЦАТЬ ТРЕТЬЯ. ЕГИПЕТ ЗАХВАТЫВАЮТ ГИКСОСЫ

1. Shaw, р. 169.

2. Clayton, р. 93.

3. Josephus, Against Apion, 1.14.74–77, in The Works ojjosephus (1987).

4. Ibid., 1.14.85.

5. Redford, Egypt, p. 126.

6. George Steindorff and Keith C. Steele, When Egypt Ruled the East (1957), p. 29.

ГЛАВА ДВАДЦАТЬ ЧЕТВЕРТАЯ. ЦАРЬ МИНОС НА КРИТЕ

1. J. Lesley Fitton, Minoans (2002), p. 67.

2. Ibid., pp. 104–105.

3. Ibid., p. 138.

4. Apollodorus, The Library (1921), 3.1.3–4 and 3.15.8.

5. Cyrus H. Gordon, The Common Background of Greek and Hebrew Civilizations (1965), pp. 51–52.

6. Thucydides, The Landmark Thucydides: A Comprehensive Guide to the Peloponnesian War, translated by Richard Crawley (1998), 1.4–5.

7. Herodotus, 1171.

8. Thucydides, 1.8.

9. Rodney Castleden, Minoans: Life in Bronze Age Crete (1990), p. 148.

10. Fitton, p. 166.

11. Christos G. Doumas, Them, Pompeii of the Ancient Aegean (1983),

12. Ibid., pp. 134–135.

13. Ibid., p. 139.

14. Ibid., p. 147.

ГЛАВА ДВАДЦАТЬ ПЯТАЯ. РАСПАД ХАРАППЫ

1. Wolpert, p. 21.

2. G. F. Dales, «The Mythical Massacre at Mohenjo Daro», in Ancient Cities of the Indus, ed. G. L. Possehl (1979), p. 291.

3. Gregory L. Possehl, «The Mohenjo-daro Floods: A Reply», American Anthropologist 69:1 (1967), p. 32.

4. Ibid., p. 35.

5. Romila Thapar, Early India: From the Origins to AD 1300 (2002), p. 87.

6. Julian Reade, «Assyrian King-Lists, the Royal Tombs of Ur, and Indus Origins >,Journal of Near Eastern Studies 60:1 (2001), p. 27.

7. Wolpert, p. 27.

8. Ibid., p. 24.

9. Keay, p. 20.

ГЛАВА ДВАДЦАТЬ ШЕСТАЯ. ВОЗВЫШЕНИЕ ХЕТТОВ

1. Robert S. Hardy, «The Old Hittite Kingdom: A Political History», American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures 58:2 (1941), p. 180.

2. Trevor Bryce, Life and Society in the Hittite World (2002), pp. 116–117.

3. G. G. Giorgadze, «The Hittite Kingdom», in Early Antiquity, ed. I. M. Diakanoff, trans. Alexander Kiijanov (1991), p. 271.

4. Bryce, p. 230.

5. Robert S. Hardy, p. 181.

6. Giorgadze, p. 272.

7. Robert S. Hardy, p. 194.

8. Хеттское «Завещание», более подробно см. в: Bryce, p. 11.

9. Bryce, p. 31.

10. Redford, Egypt, p. 134.

11. Leick, The Babylonians, p. 42.

12. Robert S. Hardy, p. 206.

13. Bryce, p. 107.

ГЛАВА ДВАДЦАТЬ СЕДЬМАЯ. ЯХМЕС ИЗГОНЯЕТ ГИКСОСОВ

1. Слегка перефразировано из: Steindotff and Steele, p. 31.

2. Silverman, p. 30.

3. Clayton, p. 102.

4. Josephus, Against Apion, 1.14.

5. Lewis, p. 98.

6. Shaw, p. 216.

7. Redford, Egypt, p. 129.

8. Eliezer D. Oren, «The 'Kingdom of Sharuhen’ and the Hyksos Kingdom», in The Hyksos: New Historical and Archaeological Perspectives, ed. Eliezer D. Oren (1997), p. 253.

9. Lewis, p. 98.

ГЛАВА ДВАДЦАТЬ ВОСЬМАЯ. УЗУРПАЦИЯ И РЕВАНШ

1. Dodson and Hilton, p. 127.

2. Clayton, p. 105.