Кто мы? Вызовы американской национальной идентичности

⁴⁴ Campbell Gibson, “The Contribution of Immigration to the Growth and Ethnic Diversity of the American Population”, Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, 136 (June 1992), p. 166.

⁴⁵ Richard Hofstadter, quoted in Hans Kohn, American Nationalism: An Interpretive Essay (New York: Macmillan, 1957), p. 13; Samuel p. Huntington, American Politics: The Promise of Disharmony (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1981), p. 24, 23.

⁴⁶ Benjamin Franklin quoted in Kohn, American Nationalism, p. 7.

⁴⁷ Jürgen Heideking, “The Image of an English Enemy During the American Revolution”, in Ragnhild Fiebig-von Hase and Ursula Lehmkuhl, eds., Enemy Images in American History (Providence, R.I.: Berghahn Books, 1997), p. 104, 95.

⁴⁸ John M. Owen IV, Liberal Peace, Liberal War: American Politiucs and International Security (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1997), p. 130 and passim.

⁴⁹ Rogers M. Smith, “The ‘American Creed’ and American Identity: The Limits of Liberal Citizenship in the United States”, Western Political Quarterly, 41 (June 1988), p. 226; Michael Lind, The Next American Nation: The New Nationalism and the Fourth American Revolution (New York: Free Press, 1995), p. 46.

⁵⁰ Herbert C. Kelman, “The Role of Social Identity in Conflict Resolution: Experiences from Israeli-Palestinian Problem-Solving Workshops”, paper presented at the Third Biennial Rutgers Symposium on Self and Social Identity: Social Identity, Intergroup Conflict, and Conflict Resolution (April 1999), p. 1.

⁵¹

George W. Pierson, The Moving American (New York: Knopf, 1973), p. 5; Jason Schacter, “Geographical Mobility: Population Characteristics”, Current Population Reports (U. S. Census Bureau, p. 20–538, 2001), p. 1.; Stephen Vincent Benйt, Western Star (New York: Farrar and Rinehart, 1943), p. 3.

⁵² Alexander Mackey quoted in John Higham, “Hanging Together: Divergent Unities in American History”, The Journal of American History, 61 (June 1974), p. 17; Gabriel A. Almond and Sidney Verba, The Civic Culture: Political Attitudes and Democracy in Five Nations (Boston: Little, Brown, 1965), p. 64.

⁵³ Frederick Jackson Turner,

Frontier and Section: Selected Essays (Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1961), p. 37; Roger Finke and Rodney Stark, The Churching of America, 1776–1990: Winners and Losers in Our Religious Economy (New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1992), p. 290, n. 3; Lord Dunmore quoted in Pierson, Moving America, p. 51. See generally Henry Nash Smith, Virgin Land: The American West as Symbol and Myth (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1978).

⁵⁴ Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr., The Disuniting of America (New York: Norton, rev. ed., 1998), p. 18.

⁵⁵ Russell Bourne, The Red King’s Rebellion: Racial Politics in New England, 1675–1678

(New York: Atheneum, 1990), p. 23–26; James D. Drake, King Philip’s War: Civil War in New England, 1675–1676 (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1999), p. 36–37.

⁵⁶ Alan Taylor, “In a Strange Way”, New Republic, 13 April 1998, p. 39–40; Jill Lepore, The Name of War: King Philip’s War and the Origins of American Identity (New York: Knopf, 1998), p. 240; Eric B. Schultz and Michael J. Tougias, King Philip’s War: The History and Legacy of America’s Forgotten Conflict (Woodstock, VT: Countryman Press, 1999), p. 4–5.

⁵⁷ Richard Slotkin, Regeneration Through Violence: The Mythology of the American Frontier, 1600–1860 (Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press, 1973), p. 79; Alexis de Tocqueville, Democracy in America (New York: Vintage, 1945), vol. 1, p. 352. За этими словами Токвилля следует неожиданно эмоциональное и живописное описание выселения племени чокто, которое автор наблюдал в Мемфисе в 1831 году.