Кто мы? Вызовы американской национальной идентичности

²³⁶ Belz, Equality Transformed, p. 66–67; Daniel Bell, The Coming of Post-Industrial Society: A Venture in Social Forecasting (New York: Basic Books, 1973), p. 417; Thernstrom and Thernstrom, America in Black and White, p. 492.

²³⁷ Martinez in Miami Herald, 12 October 1988, cited in Raymond Tatalovich, Nativism Reborn?: The Official English Language Movement and the American States (Lexington, KY: University Press of Kentucky, 1995), p. 99.

²³⁸ Tatalovich, Nativism Reborn?, p. 1–2.

²³⁹ Unamuno quoted in Carlos Alberto Montaner, “Talk English – You Are in the United States”, in James Crawford, ed., Language Loyalties (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1992), p. 164; Karl W. Deutsch, Nationalism and Social Communication (Cambridge: MIT Press, 1966).

²⁴⁰

Immigration and Nationality Act, Title III, Chapter 2, Section 312, (8 U.S.C. 1423).

²⁴¹ 42 U. S. C. 1973b (f), Pub. L. 94–73, 89 Stat. 400; Tatalovich, Nativism Reborn?, p. 105; James Crawford, Hold Your Tongue: Bilingualism and the Politics of “English Only” (Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1992), p. 272, n. 13; Washington Post, 14 November 2002, p. T3; Chicago Sun-Times, 2 May 1996, p. 29, 5 August 2002, p. 1.

²⁴² Asian American Business Group v. City of Pomona in Crawford, Language Loyalties, p. 284–287; Wall Street Journal, 21 August 1995, p. A8; Alexander v. Sandoval, 532 U.S. 275 (2001), New York Times, 25 April 2001, p. A14.

²⁴³ Ruiz, et al. v. Hull, et al.

, 191 Ariz. 441, 957 P.2d 984 (1998); cert. denied, 11 January 1999.

²⁴⁴ Edward M. Chen, “Language Rights in the Private Sector” in Crawford, ed., Language Loyalties, p. 276–77.

²⁴⁵ James Crawford, Bilingual Education: History, Politics, Theory, and Practice (Trenton: Crane, 1989), p. 33; J. Stanley Pottinger, Office for Civil Rights, memorandum, 25 May 1970; Serna v. Portales Municipal Schools, 351 F. supp. 1279 (1972); Lau v. Nichols, 414 U.S. 563 (1974).

²⁴⁶ Crawford, Bilingual Education, p. 39; William J. Bennett, “The Bilingual Education Act: A Failed Path”, in Crawford, ed., Language Loyalties, p. 361.

²⁴⁷ Time, 8 July 1985, p. 80–81.

²⁴⁸ Scheuer quoted in Bennett, “The Bilingual Education Act: A Failed Path” in James Crawford, ed., Language Loyalties

, p. 361.

²⁴⁹ Badillo quoted in New York Post, 17 October 2000, p. 16.

²⁵⁰ Carol Schmid, “The English Only Movement: Social Bases of Support and Opposition among Anglos and Latinos”, in Crawford, ed., Language Loyalties, p. 202.

²⁵¹ Jack Citrin, Donald Philip Green, Beth Reingold, Evelyn Walters, “The ‘Official English’ Movement”, and the Symbolic Politics of Language in the United States”, Western Political Quarterly, 43 (September 1990), p. 540–41; Camilo Perez-Bustillo, “What Happens When English Only Comes To Town?: A Study of Lowell “Massachussetts”, in Crawford, ed., Language Loyalties, p. 191–201.

²⁵² Citrin et. al., “The ‘Official English’ Movement”, p. 548–52; Zogby International poll, 15–17 November and 10–13 December 1998.

²⁵³ Tatalovich, Nativism Reborn?, p. 85–88.

²⁵⁴ Ibid., p. 114–122.

²⁵⁵

Ibid., p. 136–148, 150–160.

²⁵⁶ Geoffrey Nunberg, “Linguists and the Official Language Movement”, Language, 65 (September 1989), p. 581.

²⁵⁷ Boston Globe, 6 November 2002, p. A1.

²⁵⁸ Rocky Mountain News, 6 November 2002, p. 29A; Boston Globe, 10 November 2002, p. 10.

²⁵⁹ Schmid, “The English Only Movement”, in James Crawford, ed., Language Loyalties, p. 203–5; Max J. Castro, “On the Curious Question of Language in Miami” in Ibid., p. 179; Peter Skerry, Mexican Americans: The Ambivalent Minority (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1993), p. 285; Jack Citrin, “Language Politics and American Identity”, The Public Interest, 99 (Spring 1990), p. 104.

²⁶⁰ Steve Farkas, ed., A Lot to be Thankful For, (New York: Public Agenda, 1998).