Кто мы? Вызовы американской национальной идентичности

^{215} Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr., The Disuniting of America (New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1992), p.43; Nathan Glazer, We Are All Multiculturalists Now (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1997).

^{216} Gunnar Myrdal, An American Dilemma: The Negro Dilemma: The Negro Problem and Modern Democracy (New York: Harper, 1944), p. 4.

^{217} Ralph Waldo Emerson, «Lecture on the Times», in Emerson, Prose Works (Boston: Fields, Osgood, 1870), vol. 1, p. 149.

^{218} Andrew Kull, The Color-Blind Constitution (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1992), p. 1–2, 146–148; U. S. Commission on Civil Rights, Equal Protection of the Laws in Higher Education, 1960 (Washington: U. S. Government Printing Office, 1960), p. 148.

^{219}

Senator Hubert Humphrey, 110 Congressional Record, 1964, p. 6548–49, quoted in Edward J. Erler, «The Future of Civil Rights: Affirmative Action Redivivus», Notre Dame Journal of Law, Ethics, and Public Policy, 11 (1997), p. 26.

^{220} Kull, Color-Blind Constitution, p. 202; Hugh Davis Graham, The Civil Rights Erea: Origins and Development of National Policy, 1960–1972 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1990), p. 150; Herman Belz, Equality Transformed: A Quarter Century of Affirmative Action (New Brunswick: Translation, 1991), p. 25; Nathan Glazer, Ethnic Dilemmas, 1964–1982 (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1983), p. 162.

^{221} Bayard Rustin, «From Protest to Politics: The Future of the Civil Rights Movement», Commentary, 39 (Feb. 1965), p. 27; Glazer, Ethnic Dilemmas, p. 161–162.

^{222}

Graham, Civil Rights Era, p. 250; Glazer, Ethnic Dilemmas, p. 262; Kull, Color-Blind Constitution, p. 200–203, quoting Labor Department regulations.

^{223} Kull, Color-Blind Constitution, p. 204–205; Belz, Equality Transformed, p. 51, 55

^{224} Kull, Color-Blind Constitution, p. 214–16.

^{225} Jack Citrin, «Affirmative Action in the People’s Court», The Public Interest, 122 (Winter 1996), p. 46; Seymour Martin Lipset, «Affirmative Action and the American Creed», Wilson Quarterly

, 16 (Winter 1992), p. 59.

^{226} Richard Kahlenberg, «Bob Dole’s Colorblind Injustice», Washington Post National Weekly Edition, 10–16 June 1996, p. 24; Stephan Thernstrom and Abigail Thernstrom, America in Black and White: One Nation, Indivisible (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1997), p. 452; New York Times, 1 June 2001, p. A17.

^{227} Lieberman quoted in New York Times, 10 March 1995, p. A16; John Fonte, «Why There Is A Culture War: Gramsci and Tocqueville in America», Policy Review, 104 (December 2000 and January 2001), p. 21.

^{228} Connerly quoted in Fonte, «Why There Is A Culture War», p. 21; Ward Connerly, Creating Equal: My Fight Against Race Preferences (San Francisco: Encounter Books, 2000), p. 228.

^{229} Seymour Martin Lipset, «Equal Chances versus Equal Results», Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science

, 523 (September 1992), p. 66–67.

^{230} Lipset, «Affirmative Action and the American Creed», p. 58; Washington Post, 11 October 1995, p. A11; Citrin, «Affirmative Action in the People’s Court», p. 43; William Raspberry, «What Actions are Affirmative?» Washington Post National Weekly Edition, 28 August-3 September, 1995, p. 28; Citrin, «Affirmative Action in the People’s Court», p. 41.

^{231} Citrin, «Affirmative Action in the People’s Court», p. 43.

^{232}Ibid.; Boston Globe, 30 April 1997, p. A19.

^{233} Thernstrom and Thernstrom, America in Black and White, p. 437; City of Richmond v. J. A. Croson Company, 488 U. S. 469 (1989).

^{234} Thernstrom and Thernstrom, America in Black and White, p. 456–459.