The Invention of Nature

‘thin, elegant and nimble’: Ibid.

46

‘sluice’ of words: Carl Vogt, January 1845, Beck 1959, p.208.

47

‘tired the ears’: WH to CH, 30 November 1815, WH CH Letters 1910–16, vol.5, p.135.

48

‘overcharged instrument’: Heinrich Laube, Laube 1875 p.334.

49

‘actually thinking out loud’: Wilhelm Foerster, Berlin 1855, Beck 1959, p.268.

50

people worried leaving party: Adolphe Quetelet, 1822, Bruhns 1873, vol.2, p.58.

51

AH like a meteor: Karl August Varnhagen von Ense, 1810, Varnhagen 1987, vol.2, p.139

52

AH and cuneiform script: Karl Gutzkow, Beck 1969, pp.250–51

53

AH free of prejudice: Johann Friedrich Benzenberg, 1815, ibid., p.259.

54

Parisians and war: Horne 2004, p.195.

55

population Paris: Marrinan 2009, p.284.

56

‘the beginning of the’: Talleyrand, in Horne 2004, p.202.

57

allied troops in Paris: Horne 2004, p.202; John Scott, 1814, Scott 1816, p.71.

58

‘pinched at the waist’: Benjamin Robert Haydon, May 1814, Haydon 1950, p.212.

59

‘curse within his teeth’: Ibid.

60

AH’s second fatherland: AH to Jean Marie Gerando, 2 December 1804, Geier 2010, p.248; AH to François Guizot, October 1840, Päßler 2009, p.25.

61

AH wrote to Madison: AH to James Madison, 26 August 1813, Terra 1959, p.798.

62

AH more French than German: WH to CH, 9 September 1814, WH CH Letters, vol.4, p.384.

63

‘fits of melancholy’: AH to CH, 24 August 1813, Bruhns 1873, vol.2, p.52.

64

‘honour’ of his people: AH to Johann Friedrich Benzenberg, 22 November 1815, Podach 1959, p.206.

65

AH used contacts to save Jardin: Podach 1959, pp.201–2; Winfield Scott to James Monroe, 18 November 1815. Monroe forwarded this letter to Jefferson, James Monroe to Jefferson, 22 January 1816, TJ RS Papers, vol.9, p.392.

66

art packed up in Louvre: John Scott, 1815, Scott 1816, p.328ff.

67

Bladgen in Paris: Charles Bladgen Diary, 5 February 1815, Ewing 2007, p.275.

68

Davy in Paris 1813: Ayrton 1831, pp.9–32.

69

Davy at Royal Institution: Holmes 1998, p.71.

70

‘enlarge my stock’: Coleridge in 1802, Holmes 2008, p.288.

71

‘creative source’: Humphry Davy in 1807, ibid., p.276.

72

‘My view of the world’: AH to Goethe, 1 January 1810, Goethe Humboldt Letters 1909, p.305.

Chapter 12: Revolutions and Nature

1

Bolívar, ‘My Delirium on Chimborazo’, 1822: Clark and Lubrich 2012, pp.67–8.

2

AH, Bolívar and revolutions: AH to Bolívar, 29 July 1822, Minguet 1986, pp.749–50; AH to Bolívar, 1804, Beck 1959, pp.30–31; AH to Daniel F. O’Leary, 1853, Beck 1969, p.266; Vicente Rocafuerte to AH, 17 December 1824, Rippy and Brann 1947, p.702; Bolívar and Enlightenment: Lynch 2006, pp.28–32.

3

scientific journal: This was

Semanario

. AH ‘Geografía de las plantas, o cuadro físico de los Andes equinocciales y de los países vecinos’, Caldas 1942, vol.2, pp.21–162.

4

‘With his pen’: Bolívar to AH, 10 November 1821, Minguet 1986, p.749.

5

‘stormy sea’: Bolívar, Message to the Convention of Ocaña, 29 February 1828, Bolívar 2003, p.87.

6

‘ploughed a sea’: Bolívar to General Juan José Flores, 9 November 1830, ibid., p.146.

7

‘the very heart of’: Bolívar, Speech to the Congress of Angostura, 15 February 1819, ibid., p.53.

8

‘true lover of nature’: O’Leary 1879–88, vol.2, p.146, for love of country life see also p.71; and Arana 2013, p.292.

9

‘My soul is dazzled’: Bolívar to José Joaquín Olmedo, 27 June 1825, Bolívar 2003, p.210.

10

Alps reminded Bolívar: O’Leary 1915, p.86; Arana 2013, p.61.

11

‘fire that burned’: Bolívar, Manifesto to the Nations of the World, 20 September 1813, Bolívar 2003, p.121; Bolívar briefly returned to Europe in 1810 when he went to London on a diplomatic mission to drum up international support for the revolution.

12

weakened Spain and revolutions: Langley 1996, p.166ff.

13

Mexico and revolts: Langley 1996, p.179ff.

14

priest shouted at ‘sinners’: Arana 2013, p.109; see also Lynch 2006, p.59ff.

15

‘If Nature itself’: José Domingo Díaz, 26 March 1812, Arana 2013, p.108.

16

population of Caracas:

Royal Military Chronicle

, vol.4, June 1812, p.181.

17

Bolívar fled country: Arana 2013, p.126.

18

‘All these questions’: Jefferson to AH, 14 April 1811, TJ RS Papers, vol.3, p.554.

19

Jefferson about South American revolutions: Jefferson to Pierre Samuel du Pont de Nemours, 15 April 1811; Jefferson to Tadeusz Kosciuszko, 16 April 1811; Jefferson to Lafayette, 30 November 1813, TJ RS Papers, vol.3, pp.560, 566; vol.7, pp.14–15; Jefferson to Lafayette, 14 May 1817, DLC.

20

‘produce and commerce’: Jefferson to Luis de Onís, 28 April 1814, TJ RS Papers, vol.7, p.327.

21

Bolívar arrived in Cartagena: Arana 2013, p.128ff.

22

Bolívar reputedly using AH’s maps: Slatta and De Grummond 2003, p.22. Humboldt’s maps of the Río Magdalena were copied by several people including botanist José Mutis, cartographer Carlos Francisco de Cabrer and José Ignacio Pombo. AH, March 1804, AH Diary 2003, vol.2, p.42ff.

23

‘Wherever the Spanish empire’: Bolívar, Speech to the people of Tenerife, 24 December 1812, Arana 2013, p.132.

24

like ‘gangrene’: Bolívar to Camilo Torres, 4 March 1813, ibid., p.138.

25

colonists’ disunity: Lynch 2006, p.67.

26