7
Подробнее об этом сюжете:8
Следует заметить, что положение иудеев в рамках исламского государства со временем на протяжении средневековья менялось – и на Востоке, и в Испании. В связи с этим в целом использовать материал по истории иудейского населения под властью то мусульман, то христиан – в том разрезе, который интересует нас в этой работе – не очень корректно. Иудеи никогда не были политически-доминирующей группой на Пиренейском полуострове в отличие от представителей двух других упомянутых конфессий. Данные по интегрированию иудейских общин в общество и государственные образования будут по этой причине привлекаться ограниченно, исключительно с целью дать читателю более объемную картину, но без подробностей.9
Подробнее об этом см.:10
Подробнее см: Ferrer i Mallol M.T. Les aljames sarrai'nes de la gobernacio d’Oriola en el segle XIV. Barcelona, 1988.11
См. подробнее:12
О так называемых ограничительных законах см.: Ferrer i Mallol M.T. Els sarrains de la corona catalano-aragonesa en el siglo XIV. Segregacio: discriminacio. Barselona, 1987.Resumes
ETHNOS AND NATIONS: CONTINUITY OF PHENOMENA AND PROBLEM OF «ACTUAL MIDDLE AGES»
The collective monograph represents the results of the conference dedicated to key issues of ethno-national identification and self-identification in Medieval and Early Modern Europe. The conference was organized by academic group «Power and society» (Department of History, Moscow State University) in 2012. Created in 1990s, this group intended to consolidate the efforts of Russian specialists in medieval and early modern political history.
The academic significance of the collective monograph is determined by idea that the Middle Ages not only form a prehistory of modern states but also explicate instability of ethno-national «architecture» in modern world (including present Western Europe), and by the fact that previously these problems were almost discussed by Russian sociologists, ethnologists and political scientists but not by medievalists.
The papers presented in the collective monograph demonstrate the very continuity of ethnos and nation underlining the fact of non-accidental emergence of national entities in Modern Europe and summarizing deep and complex inner transformation of the Medieval polymorphic ethnic society into more mature and consolidated community, with long-time and almost imperceptible qualitative transition in their development.
The special attention is paid to the analysis of the terms revealed the wide diversity of markers used in the process of their elaboration. The theme of ethno-national self-identification is represented by the analysis of historical, political and legal thought; forming of «national» language; poetry.
Some articles deal with the problem «self-alien». The authors made an attempt to retrace the ways of overcoming the hostility towards «alien» and patterns of coexistence of different confessional and ethnic groups.
The results of collective research give the opportunity to note the exclusive significance of medieval experience in ethno-national development, which reveals deep processes of consolidation of societies, clarifying epistemology of the problem and making easier search of way out in difficult situations today.
I. ETHNO-NATIONAL PROCESSES: FACTORS, RESULTS AND COVERING TERMS
I.I. ETHNOS AND PROTONATIONS WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF SOCIOECONOMIC AND POLITICAL EVOLUTION OF MEDIEVAL SOCIETY IN WESTERN EUROPE
The fact of the continuity in the development of medieval polymorphic ethnic societies and more mature «national» forms in Modern time impelled the author to analyze the social conditions, prepared impressive transformations of the given phenomena. The whole complex of social, economic and political transformations in the epoch of modernization of medieval society (noticeable from XIII century) was defined as «consolidation» in order to underline the scale and depth of this process.