Grammaire de Lidepla

An emphatic particle, emphasizing the previous word; it is pronounced with a certain stress:

Me hi zwo-te se. — It's me who did it.

Ela ve go dar hi. — It's there that she will go.

Hm

Hm, ahem.

Huraa!

Hurrah!

Fuy

1) fie, faugh

2) a prefix of distaste, disgust:

fuy-jen — a nasty, repulsive person

Kamon!

Come on!

Ku

An interrogative particle at the end of a sentence or directly after the word to which it relates:

Yu lai ku? — Will you come?

Me lai, hao ku? — I shall come, OK?

Me darfi zin ku? — May I come in?

Magari

I wish, if only:

Magari ta lai! — If only he would come!

Non

No:

Non, me bu go. — No, I am not going.

Ob

1) An interrogative particle at the beginning of a sentence

2) whether, if:

Ob ta lai? — Will he/she come?

Me bu jan ob ta lai. — I don't know whether he/she will come.

Kan, ob lu he lai. — Take a look if he has come.

Oo

1) Oh (an exclamation expressive of surprise, pain, pleasure, etc.):

Oo es ya jamile! — Oh, how beautiful!

Oo ya! — Oh yes!

2) O (marks address):

Hay fortuna go kun yu, oo Shefa de wulfas! — Good luck go with you, o Chief of the Wolves!

Written with two letters for distinction from the conjunction "o" or.

Shsh!

Hush! Sh!

Swaagat!

Welcome!

Swasti!

Good luck! May fortune favour you! Everything good to you!

Tfu!

Ptooey!

Uf!

An exclamation expressing tiredness or relief, appeasement:

Uf, sey bao es grave! — Oh (gosh), this bag is heavy!

Uf, me sta fatigi-ney! — Gosh, I am tired!

Uf, pa fin me es pa dom! — Oh, at last I am at home!

Viva

Long live!

Viva unitaa de Arda! — Long live the unity of the Earth!

Walaa

Walaa nu. — Here we are.

Walaa fin. — That's all.

Wek

1) Away, off:

Wek! — Get out, go away!

Ta go-te wek. — He went away.

Ta es wek. — He is away.

2) Starting signal:

Un, dwa, tri, wek! — One, two, three, go!

Wel

Well (interjection):

Wel, e poy? — Well, what next?

Wel, wel... me bu jan kwo shwo. — Well, well... I don't know what to say.

Ya

1) Yes (affirmative interjection).

2) Emphatic particle, "you know", "indeed":

Lu es ya experta. — He is an expert, you know.

Yu jan ya ke me bu pri fish. — But you know that I don't like fish.

Ya munda es gro-jamile! — What a beautiful world!

Es ya gro-gao baum! — This tree is so big!

Yok

There is no, not available:

Mani yok! — I have no money! No money available.

Problema yok! — No problem!

"Yok" is placed after the object under discussion and used when its absence/unavailability is stressed.

Syntax

Word order

Word order is direct:

subject — predicate — object.

This is natural for a language without case endings:

"lu vidi yu" means something quite different than "yu vidi lu".

An accusative particle "den" placed before the object makes it possible to change its place, e. g. for the sake of emphasis:

Me pren yabla — I take an apple.

Kwo yu pren? — What do you take?

Den yabla me pren! — The apple I take!

Pronouns in unstressed form before verbs, as in Romance languages (e. g. "je t"aime"), are not used in LdP.

Interrogative sentences

There are two interrogative particles. One of them (ob) is placed at the beginning of an interrogative sentence, the other (ku) at the end or directly after the word to which it relates. It is practical to use "ob" with longer sentences and "ku" with shorter ones:

Ob yu mog shwo a me, wo es zuy blise fanshop? — Can you tell me, where is the nearest food store?

Yu lai ku? — Will you come?

Me lai, hao ku? — I'll come, OK?

The particle "ob" also plays the role of the conjunction "whether":

Me bu jan, ob lu es in dom. — I don't know whether he is at home.

While ob relates to the whole clause, ku may shift the interrogative emphasis to the word that stands before it:

Yu bu gun! — Me ku bu gun? You don"t work! — Who, me?

There is one more variant of building interrogative sentences: you repeat a verb placing the negative particle "bu" in the middle:

Yu go-bu-go? — Are you going (or not)?

Ye-bu-ye koy idea? — Are there any ideas?

There is no necessity to use special pronouns (as "anything" instead of "something" in English questions). A question word like "kwo" what or "kwel" which may be placed at the beginning of interrogative sentence, although it may not be the subject:

Kwo yu dumi om to? — What do you think about it?

Subject-predicate inversion is allowed only in the case of "es":

Wo es may kalam? — Where is my pen?

The expression "isn't it?" is "bu ver?":

Es hao filma, bu ver? — It's a good film, isn't it?

Negative sentences

The negative particle "bu" is used in negative sentences:

Me bu jan. — I don't know.

Bu is always placed before a tense particle:

Nu bu go. — We don't go.

Nu bu ve go. — We won't go.

Nu bu he go. — We didn't go.

Nu bu wud go. — We wouldn't go.

Multiple negations are allowed:

Lu bu samaji nixa. — He doesn't understand anything.

Compound sentences

When building compound sentences, the subject and predicate of each clause should be clearly marked off. There should not be infinitive phrases: