Кто мы? Вызовы американской национальной идентичности

¹¹⁸ Quinnipiac University Poll,4–9 June 2003; Gallup Poll, 17–19 February 2003, 18–20 March 2002, 22–24 July 2002, 17–29 June 2002; Gallup/CNN/USA Today Poll, 17–19 February 2003, 9–10 December 2002, 3–6 October 2002, 2–4 September 2002, 28–30 June 2002, 21–23 June 2002; CBS News Poll, 28 April-1 May 2003; Time/CNN/Harris Interactive Poll, 27 March 2003; Investor’s Business Daily/Christian Science Monitor Poll, 3–8 September 2002; Boston Globe, 16 January 1999, p. A3 citing C. Kirk Hadaway and Penny Long Marler, “Did You Really Go to Church this Week? Behind the Poll Data”, Christian Century, 6 May 1998, p. 472–5, and Andrew Walsh, Religion in the News, Fall 1998; Lipset, American Exceptionalism: A Double-edged Sword, p. 278; Wall Street Journal, 9 November 1990, p. A8; Economist, 29 May 1999, p. 29.

¹¹⁹ Krister Stendhal quoted in William G. McLoughlin and Robert N. Bellah, Religion in America (Boston: Beacon Press, 1968), p. xv; The Gallup Organization,

The Gallup Poll: Public Opinion 1999 (Wilmington: Scholarly Resources, 2000), p. 50–56.

¹²⁰ Kenneth D. Wald, Religion and Politics in the United States (New York: St. Martin’s, 1987).

¹²¹ George Bishop, “What Americans Really Believe”, Free Inquiry, 9 (Summer 1999), p. 38–42.

¹²² Ronald Inglehart, Miguel Basanez, and Alejandro Moreno, Human Values and Beliefs: A Cross-Cultural Sourcebook: Political, Religious, Sexual, and Economic Norms in 43 Societies: Findings from the 1990–1993 World Values Survey (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1998), p. V9, V20, V38, V143, V146, V147, V151, V166, V176.

¹²³ Smith, Civic Ideals, p. 55–56, 56–57; Kettner, The Development of American Citizenship,

p. 66–69; Linda Colley, Britons: Forging the Nation 1707–1837 (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1992), p. 5–6, 11–54.

¹²⁴ Smith, Civic Ideals, p. 57; Ernest Lee Tuveson, Redeemer Nation: The Idea of America’s Millennial Role (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1968), chapter 5; Ruth H. Bloch, Visionary Republic: Millennial Themes in American Thought, 1756–1800 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985), p. 12; Hatch, The Sacred Cause of Liberty, p. 36–44; Kettner, The Development of American Citizenship, p. 114.

¹²⁵ Hatch, The Sacred Cause of Liberty, p. 75–76, 131; Cushing Strout,

The New Heavens and New Earth: Political Religion in America (New York: Harper & Row, 1974), p. 71; Phillips, The Cousins’ Wars, p. 91–100; McDougall, Promised Land, Crusader State, p. 18; Garry Wills, Under God: Religion and American Politics (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1990), p. 360–362; Bloch, Visionary Republic, p. 58–59.

¹²⁶ Ray Allen Billington, The Protestant Crusade, 1800–1860 (New York: Macmillan, 1938), p. 3–21; Theodore Maynard, The Story of American Catholicism (New York: Macmillan, 1941), p. 115.

¹²⁷ Will Herberg, Protestant, Catholic, Jew: An Essay in American Religious Sociology

(Garden City: Doubleday, 1955), p. 151–52, 186–87; Schaff, America, p. 73. О влиянии смешанных браков на католическую общину, включая семью епископа Джона Кэрролла, см. Joseph Agonito, The Building of an American Catholic Church: The Episcopacy of John Carroll (New York: Garland, 1988), p. 171–77.

¹²⁸ Heer, Immigration in America’s Future, p. 35–37, 85–86; Billington, Protestant Crusade, chapters 15–16; Perry Miller, The Life of the Mind in America (New York: Harcourt, Brace and World, 1965), p. 56.

¹²⁹ Ivan Musicant, Empire by Default: The Spanish-American War and the Dawn of the American Century (New York: Holt, 1998), p. 17; Philip Gleason, “American Identity and Americanization”, in Stephen Thernstrom, ed., Harvard Encyclopedia of American Ethnic Groups, (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1980), p. 31–38.