Russia. A History

Charter to the Nobility 148, 190, 545

Charter to the Towns 138, 545

charters 41, 53, 88, 97, 116, 138, 148, 190, 517, 545; see also laws; statutes; manifestoes

Chebrikov, V. 457

Chechnya 486–7, 490–2, 503–5, 519, 554–8, 560

Cheka xix, 295, 297, 548, 557

Chekhov, A. 239

Cheliabinsk 387

Cheney, R. 516

Cheremisy 42

Cherkasskii, A. 128

Chernenko, K. 449, 451–2, 553

Chernigov 5, 8, 12–16, 18, 26, 76, 298

Chernobyl 456, 554

Chernomyrdin, V. 469, 555, 557

Chernov, V. 280, 285–6, 297

chernozem xix

Chernyshevskii, N.G. 225, 546

chetvert’ xix

Chicherin, B. 201

China 15, 20, 42, 46, 50, 79, 95–6, 98, 107, 127, 156, 158, 172, 251, 288, 313, 365, 368, 396–8, 402, 431, 445, 472, 478, 487, 498, 500, 512, 519, 545, 551, 556, 559

cholera 186, 238

Christian IV: 110

Chronicle of Current Events 446, 553

Chubais, A. 480, 556–7

Chudov Monastery 67

Church Council of 1551 (stoglav) 43

Church Council of 1666–67: 542

Church of Christ the Saviour 361

Church of Lazarus 35

Church of St Dmitrii 11

Church of the Dormition 12, 22, 25

Church of the Holy Virgin 7

Church of the Intercession 11–12

Church of the Intercession on the

Moat 57

Church of the Mother of God (Smolensk) 8

Church of the Tithe 7

Church of the Transfiguration of Our

Saviour 8

Churchill, Winston 300, 388–9

Chuvash 42, 151–2

CIA 418, 428, 457, 481

cinema 267, 336, 338, 351, 397, 473, 512

CIS: see Commonwealth of Independent States

city 4, 7–8, 13, 16, 26, 32, 37, 42, 61, 75, 83, 93, 120–1, 155–6, 159, 173, 177, 205, 210–14, 221–23, 255, 258, 267, 272, 274, 285, 287–8, 308, 314, 317, 328, 333, 335, 339, 346, 352–4, 358, 372, 374, 380–3, 409, 412, 423, 432, 441, 448, 457, 459, 467, 483, 486, 503, 507, 522, 540, 546–7, 560

city council 211, 221, 231–2

civil war 114, 278, 291–2, 295–302, 307–8, 323, 333, 335, 348, 370, 377–8, 394, 402, 471, 540, 548–9

Clinton, W. J. 485–6, 557

Clark, K. 357

class struggle 248, 302, 348, 367

clergy 6–9, 37–8, 43, 65, 82, 88, 92, 108, 110, 159–61, 212, 219–20, 252, 303, 336, 351, 353, 413, 432

colour revolutions 516

climate x-xi, 36

Cold War 342, 397–8, 400, 408, 466, 484

collective farm (kolkhoz) xx, 302, 341–4, 347, 350, 352, 362, 368, 386, 393, 431–3, 437, 444, 452, 550, 551

collective responsibility (krugovaia poruka) 76, 206, 332

Collective Security Treat (1992) 486

collectivization 314, 316–7, 326, 335, 337, 341, 347, 351, 353–4, 367, 417, 520, 550

College of the Economy 141

colonization xi, 35, 39, 119, 153, 477

Cominform xix

Comintern (Communist International) 318, 320, 361, 370; see also Third International

commerce 7, 14, 21–3, 33, 35, 47, 138–9, 142, 175, 209, 212

Commission on Religious

Questions 335

Committees of Public

Organizations 278

Commonwealth of Independent States

(CIS) xix, 477, 486, 554–5

commune 35, 37, 42, 46–7, 50–1, 54–5, 62, 140, 143, 205–6, 213–4, 217, 221, 226, 228, 236, 242, 247, 260, 285, 328–9, 359

communism 226, 290–1, 293, 300–3, 329, 355, 384, 391, 395, 407, 414, 425, 427, 451, 516

Communist Academy 334

Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) xix, 308–9, 317, 319–20, 329, 341–3, 347, 355, 366, 391, 394, 414, 417–18, 428, 436, 459–61, 464–5, 467, 492, 502, 554–6, 558, 562

Communist Party of the Russian Federation (CPRF) xix, 554

Complete Collection of Laws of the Russian Empire 187, 545

Complex Method 334–5

Congress of Berlin, 230

Congress of People’s Deputies (CPD), xix, 459–61, 465, 554

Congress of Vienna 178

Conquest, R. 368

Constantine 124, 179

Constantinople 6, 10, 26, 27, 88, 108, 135–6, 280, 298, 540

Constituent Assembly 253, 255, 274, 277–9, 282, 290, 295–7, 548–9

constitution 126, 128, 136, 150, 169, 170–2, 180–3, 186, 192, 197, 230, 234, 246, 248–52, 254–8, 267, 302, 341–2, 361–2, 437, 439, 466–7, 470, 472, 485, 488–9, 492, 506–8, 521, 544, 549–50, 553–5, 562

constitutional monarchy 183, 267

constructivism 305, 338

Continental Blockade 174–5

continuous workweek 359

Conventional Forces in Europe (CFE) 518, 562

Copenhagen 121

corporal punishment 110, 137–9, 148, 207, 548

corvée (barshchina) 148, 153–4, 155, 166, 172, 215, 545

Cossacks 34, 47, 51, 67, 72

Council of Ministers 409, 421–2

Council of People’s Commissars (Sovnarkom) 293, 314

Council of Seven Boyars 71–2

Council of the Realm (zemskii sobor) xxiii, 59, 65, 68, 71, 77, 79, 81, 108

Council of the Republic 290

counter-revolution 199, 227–8, 230, 233, 275, 288, 291, 293, 360, 369, 410, 416–8

Coup d’état of 3 June 1905 258, 267

Courland, duke of, 116, 125, 127

courts 8–9, 38–9, 82, 106, 150, 158, 181, 187, 206, 210, 212, 224, 232, 236, 255, 333, 421, 483

Coyet, B. 78

CPU xix; see Congress of People’s Deputies

CPRF xix; see Communist Party of the Russian Federation

CPSU: see Communist Party of the Soviet Union

Cracow 68

Crawford summit 559

crime 39, 229, 328, 369, 396, 483

Crimea 28, 98, 103, 129, 151, 196, 203, 411, 463, 520

Crimean Tatars 41, 66

Crimean War xiv, 168, 188, 194–7, 199, 201, 211, 216, 224, 546

Cuba 428, 553

cubism 338